1 general situation of Changsha landscaping project construction
In recent years, Changsha has carried out the "three-year greening" campaign, which has increased the greening area and various greening indicators. In the past five years, Changsha has built 45 urban gardens and green spaces, and built and rebuilt more than 50 roads. The new green area is 9 18.044…hm2. By the end of 20 14, the total area of green space in Changsha was 5…656…hm2. At present, the green rate in the built-up area is 32.66%, the green coverage rate is as high as 38. 18%, and the per capita park green area is about 8.65…m2. Binjiang Park, Yuehu Park, Du Fu Jiangge Park, Ecological Nursery, Zhuqinghu Leisure Park, Songyahu Park and other large parks have been built and opened, and remarkable achievements have been made.
2 Changsha City Landscaping Project Construction Common Quality Problems
2. 1 The construction subject of landscaping project is confused with the construction subject.
(1) There are many major construction units, and the management level of construction managers is not high. The importance of landscaping is self-evident. Government agencies, enterprises and institutions at all levels attach great importance to the construction of landscaping, resulting in many main construction units. However, due to the lack of professional counterparts and different professional levels, the construction management level needs to be improved. (2) The construction subject is diversified and chaotic. There are not only professional garden enterprises, but also some construction companies, some individual contractors and farmers, and some part-time jobs that know nothing about gardens. Due to the uneven quality and qualifications of personnel, the quality of gardens is uneven. The local government can't control the quality of all projects, which leads to the embarrassing situation of some greening projects.
2.2 Landscaping engineering construction technology is not in place.
2.2. 1 Garden construction enterprises lacking professional construction technicians include management personnel, on-site construction personnel, logistics support personnel, post-maintenance personnel, project settlement personnel, etc. In the process of construction, on-site construction personnel include project director, technical director, quality engineer, safety officer, builder, documenter, mechanic and other professional technical management personnel. Due to the uncertainty of the time of landscape engineering, the construction personnel of general landscape enterprises will not support people for a long time. When there is a project, it is a temporary idea, and when there is no project, it is often its own way. 2.2.2 Lack of professional knowledge The support of most trees in Changsha is irregular. The author investigated the support of most trees in Changsha and found the following problems: most of the construction is supported first and then watered, which is wrong, and should be watered first and then supported. Because the soil ball can be completely sealed with the soil after watering, the survival rate is improved; The length of supporting material is not suitable, which can not achieve the purpose of supporting; The supporting angle is incorrect; Improper selection of binding bracket materials. All these require professional knowledge, otherwise it will seriously affect the construction quality of landscaping projects.
2.3 the lack of effective supervision of landscaping construction
Most of the greening supervision departments in Changsha are supervised by construction supervision or there is no supervision team at all, which leads to the lack of professionalism in quality supervision of landscaping construction and the lack of effective supervision of landscaping construction, resulting in loopholes in quality management. Compared with architectural engineering, landscape engineering has the characteristics of randomness, openness and artistry, but there is no strict technical evaluation standard for artistry, especially in tree selection, pruning and shaping, pattern matching, mountain building and water management of seedlings. , leading to the lack of unified supervision standards in some processes of landscape engineering construction, which brings difficulties to supervision.
2.4 The management of materials and equipment involved in the construction is lax.
Building materials and equipment are an important guarantee for the quality of landscape engineering. Construction management personnel are required to strictly check before construction, and unqualified building materials and equipment will not be used. However, in reality, in order to save costs, shoddy phenomena abound. The structural safety performance involved in landscaping is relatively small, and the functional requirements basically meet the needs, which leads to the acceptance of relevant functional departments.
2.5 heavy construction, light late management
It is urgent to explore effective maintenance management mechanism and maintenance methods. The greening project in Changsha is generally handed over to the construction unit after it is completed in 1 year, and the maintenance of professional companies is generally in place this year. However, after the handover, how to strengthen the later maintenance is an important part of the quality management of landscaping. 2.6 Winning the bid at a low price is an important hidden danger that affects the quality. Bidding price is one of the key factors for construction enterprises to obtain construction tasks. Malicious competition among enterprises leads to winning the bid at a low price, which brings certain quality hidden dangers to future garden construction. Generally speaking, enterprises will not lose money in construction, but in order to make up for the impact of low prices, there is no doubt that only quality is sacrificed, workload is reduced and construction standards are lowered. Therefore, winning the bid at a low price is an important hidden danger affecting quality.
3 Countermeasures to strengthen the quality management of greening projects in Changsha
3. 1 Strengthen the main body of garden construction and construction.
Government agencies, enterprises, institutions and other construction units at all levels are investors in landscaping, enjoying investment control, construction fund supervision and quality management, and only the right to use. Transfer the construction right to the garden management department with professional knowledge, and the garden management department will select a professional construction team for construction in a unified, open, fair and just manner, and be responsible for the construction quality; Professional supervision units are responsible for quality supervision and management, and enjoy the right of supervision.
3.2 improve the landscaping construction technology
3.2. 1 Strengthen the cultivation of landscape construction technical personnel. In 20 14, Hunan Provincial Department of Urban and Rural Construction and Housing Security organized more than 2,000 person-times training for the person-in-charge of the whole province's landscaping projects in 20 17, and strictly examined and issued certificates, so as to obtain certificates and effectively improve the construction business level of the "person-in-charge" of the construction team. At the same time, it is the premise and powerful guarantee to ensure the quality of landscaping projects to strengthen the training and assessment of on-site construction personnel, including "nine members", and to conduct professional knowledge training for managers, designers, logistics support personnel, post-maintenance personnel and project settlement personnel from time to time, and to comprehensively strengthen the training of landscape construction technicians. 3.2.2 Strengthen the training and popularization of professional theoretical knowledge. Only by improving the quality of all staff can we reduce or eliminate quality defects and ensure the improvement of construction quality. 3.2.3 Strengthen technical innovation and improve construction quality, including new construction design scheme, new construction technology, new quality management method and innovative personnel training method. , and innovative ways to improve the engineering quality, all need new discoveries and practices. 3.2.4 Improve the management level of landscaping construction managers. The management level of landscaping construction managers directly affects the development of landscaping projects. Relevant rules and regulations should be formulated to standardize construction management personnel and constantly urge construction personnel to improve their own technical level. Strictly control the recruitment process to prevent some candidates from fishing in troubled waters. In addition, it is necessary to make statistics on various construction equipment and materials on the construction site from time to time to prevent construction workers from cutting corners.
3.3 Strengthen the effective supervision of landscaping construction.
(1) It is urgent to strengthen the professional supervision team of landscaping construction, make up for the loopholes in quality management, and effectively combine the randomness, openness and artistry of creation. (2) Establishing a unified quality supervision standard and implementing the supervision system of landscaping projects are the guarantee of quality management and control of landscaping projects. Landscaping supervision not only protects the interests of owners, but also protects the interests of construction units. It should be honest, law-abiding, fair and scientific, and ensure the quality of engineering construction. Supervisors follow the whole process from construction to acceptance according to unified quality supervision standards. If unqualified materials, processes and products are found, they should be rectified in time, and the existing problems should be bravely pointed out to stop the problems found. (3) Strengthen the establishment of supervision system and check the implementation of the system, so as to ensure the construction quality of the whole project.
3.4 Strengthen the management of construction materials and equipment.
(1) Construction management personnel should strictly check before construction, resolutely refuse to use unqualified building materials and equipment, and prevent or reduce the phenomenon of inferior quality due to cost saving. (2) Strengthen seed selection management. Give priority to the designated seedling supply units; When selecting seedlings, we should pay attention to whether the quality, height, plant type, trunk diameter and root development of seedlings meet the specified requirements, and choose excellent seedlings with good growth and no pests and diseases; In the process of seedling transportation, protective measures such as covering, loading and unloading and watering are appropriate. Ensuring the quality of seedlings is the key factor to ensure the effective quality management.
3.5 Strengthen the later maintenance and management of landscaping works.
At present, the relevant administrative departments in Changsha actively explore the maintenance management mechanism and implement outsourcing management of specialized companies. In addition, adhere to the "four in place", that is, maintenance personnel in place, maintenance funds in place, maintenance measures in place, and daily maintenance supervision and inspection in place to form a good and orderly operation.
3.6 Reduce the low-priced bid and eliminate quality hidden dangers.
(1) There is no guarantee of winning the bid at a low price from the bidding documents, so as to minimize the possibility of winning the bid at a low price. (2) Ensure a reasonable profit rate of the capital budget. (3) Strengthen the inspection of special funds for the project, put an end to misappropriation, and ensure that the project quality has a strong guarantee in terms of funds. (4) Strictly control design changes and quantities.
Landscaping project is a complex construction project, involving a wide range, many processes, rich varieties of plant materials, full of vitality, beauty and artistry. In view of the problems existing in the current landscaping construction in Changsha, it is necessary for landscaping workers to actively explore new methods and ideas, strive to improve the quality of landscaping construction, provide reference and guidance for the development of landscaping in Hunan, and make greater contributions to social development and human civilization progress.
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