Morphological characteristics: deciduous vine, deciduous climbing and winding vine, dry skin dark gray, indehiscent. The shoots are dark yellow-green, densely pilose, and the winter buds are oblate and densely pilose. Odd-pinnate compound leaves alternate, with small leaves opposite, with 7 ~ 13 leaflets, oval, long tapering or pointed, glabrous or slightly hairy on the surface of leaves, sparse on the back of leaves, sparse on petioles, lateral racemes, 30 ~ 35 cm long, drooping, and densely covered with total pedicels, small pedicels and calyx. Pods are oblate, strip-shaped, long 10 ~ 20cm, densely covered with white fluff, and seeds are oblate and black. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruit matures in August-September.
Growth Habits and Distribution Wisteria is a warm and temperate plant, with strong adaptability to climate and soil, cold resistance, water resistance, moisture resistance, barren soil resistance, photophobia and shade resistance [1]. The place with deep soil layer, good drainage and darkness is most suitable for farming. The main root is deep and the lateral root is shallow, so it is not resistant to transplanting. Fast growth and long life. Strong winding ability, strangulation to other plants. Buds appear in March and bloom in April, with 20 to 80 iris flowers per shaft. Wisteria is cultivated wild or everywhere, and its roots and seeds are used as medicine, which is sweet, slightly warm and slightly toxic. Bark contains two kinds, flowers contain volatile oil and leaves contain genistein.
Origin Wisteria is native to China, and also distributed in Korean and Japanese. Widely distributed in North China, especially in Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and other places. It is cultivated in East China, Central China, South China, Northwest China and Southwest China. From Guangdong in the south to Inner Mongolia in the north, China is widely planted in gardens for viewing. Flowers can be used as vegetables and stems and leaves as medicine. Flowers can bloom for half a month without fading. The common varieties are wisteria multiflora, rattan, purple rattan, white rattan, Nanjing rattan and so on. There are wisteria towns and wisteria gardens in Shanghai, and Gu Teng in Suzhou.
Wisteria cultivation techniques Wisteria is a deciduous vine belonging to the genus Wisteria in Leguminosae, which is native to China. Wisteria has deep main roots and few branched roots. The seedlings were shrubby when they were young, and it was several years before the top of the flourishing branches became entangled. The long winding branches appear at the base of the main vine. Vines are wound counterclockwise, and columns can be wound by themselves below 30 cm. Wisteria has mixed flower buds, which grow branches and leaves first and open on the upper part of new branches. Flowers are racemes, which are borne at the ends of branches or axils of leaves, 20 ~ 30 cm long, drooping, dense and eye-catching, blue-purple to lavender, and fragrant. Each inflorescence can bear 50 ~ 100 flowers. The flowering period is around March in South China, and it often blooms again in late summer and early autumn. To plant wisteria well, we should pay attention to the following problems:
First, illumination: Wisteria likes sunshine, but it is slightly tolerant of shade. Because wisteria is a large vine, in order to make it grow well, it is usually cultivated with certain scaffolding. Wisteria also has shorter species and varieties, which can be used as potted plants or bonsai.
Second, temperature: Wisteria has strong adaptability, heat resistance and cold resistance, and it is cultivated from south to north in China. So in Guangdong, the temperature can adapt to wisteria all year round.
Third, watering: Wisteria has deep roots and strong drought resistance, but it likes wet soil, but it can't let the roots soak in water, otherwise it will rot.
Fertilization: applying compound fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times a year to wisteria can basically meet the needs.
Fifth, soil: the main roots of wisteria are long, so the planting place needs deep soil layer. Wisteria is barren, but fertile soil is more conducive to growth. Wisteria also has strong adaptability to soil pH value.
Sixth, location: besides the sunny and deep soil mentioned above, the location where wisteria is planted needs shelter from the wind.
Seven, propagation: Wisteria can be propagated by cutting, layering, sowing, grafting, tillering and other methods.
Wisteria has strong straight roots, so when transplanting, we should dig as many lateral roots as possible and bring the ground. Plant more in early spring. Before planting, you must set up a scaffolding, tie thick branches on the scaffolding and climb along it. Because wisteria has a long life and thick leaves, the scaffold materials must be strong and durable. When young trees are planted, the branches can't form flower buds, and peanut bud will appear later. If it doesn't bloom for several years, it's because the tree is too strong, with too many branches and leaves, and the tree is weak, so it is difficult to accumulate nutrients. The former uses partial root cutting and sparse branches and leaves, while the latter can blossom by adding fertilizer. Fertilizer should be properly applied with more potassium fertilizer. Topdressing is usually 2 ~ 3 times during the growth period. After flowering, 5 ~ 6 buds can be cut off from the middle branches and weak branches to promote the formation of flower buds.
Potted wisteria, in addition to selecting shorter species and varieties, should also strengthen pruning and coring, and control the plants not to be too large. If you are cultivating bonsai, you need to strengthen plastic pruning. If necessary, you can use old piles to plant pots and graft excellent varieties.
The propagation method of wisteria is convenient for wisteria propagation. Sowing, cutting, layering, branching, grafting and other methods can be used. Seeding and cutting are mainly used, but cutting is the most widely used method because of the long time of seedling raising.
Cutting propagation Cutting propagation generally adopts hard cuttings. Before the branches germinate in the middle and late March, select 1 ~ 2-year-old stout branches, cut them into cuttings of about 15cm, and insert them into the seedbed prepared in advance. The cutting depth is 2/3 of the cutting length. Spraying water after transplanting, strengthening maintenance, keeping the seedbed moist, the survival rate is very high, the plant height can reach 20 ~ 50 cm in that year, and it can be taken out of the nursery two years later.
Rooting is the use of adventitious buds easily produced on wisteria roots. Roots with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 2.0 cm were dug in the middle and late March, and cuttings with a length of 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+02 cm were inserted into the seedbed, and the cutting depth was kept at the same level as the ground. Other management measures are the same as pruning.
Sowing and propagation Sowing and propagation are carried out in March. In June,165438+1October, the seeds were harvested, the pods were removed, dried and stored in bags. Soak the seeds in hot water before sowing. When the boiling water temperature drops to about 30℃, take out the seeds, rinse them with cold water for a while, then keep them moist, and pile them up for a day and a night before sowing. Or store the seeds in wet sand and soak them in clear water 1 ~ 2 days before sowing.
Layering, plant division and grafting are all carried out in the middle and late March.
The following briefly introduces several breeding methods:
1. Sowing and propagation: Sow in autumn, or pollinate artificially when flowering to promote pod setting. When they are ripe, collect pods and store them in dry warehouses (sand warehouses are better), and sow them in the next spring.
2. Cutting propagation in early spring in the south, after thawing the soil in the north, take one or two-year-old shoots, cut them into 10 ~ 15 cm segments, and insert them directly or obliquely.
3. Take biennial branches after defoliation by layering method, peel off some skins and press them into the soil.
4. Rhizosphere seedlings are cut by tillering method and transplanted in winter and spring.
5. Grafting method is to graft one or two-year-old branches at the root and move them out after survival.
Wisteria, 1 and W.villosa Rehd. It is very similar to wisteria, except that the back and petiole of the old leaves are thick white and light in color. Therefore, in landscaping, the two are regarded as one category and are not subdivided.
2. Venus' flyer. Et Wils. Both sides are covered with filiform hairs, and the raceme is short, with a length of 10 ~ 15 cm, and the flowers are white, originating from Japan.
3. Wisteria DC, also known as Japanese wisteria, has compound leaves and many leaflets, and the old leaves are nearly hairless, often 13 ~ 19. The raceme is 50 cm long and the flowers are light blue (light blue-purple). The pod is covered with yellow-brown felt, which is native to Japan and cultivated in the south of the Yangtze River basin.
Cultivated varieties include: annual vine, Xi Xiangteng, Ben Hongwangteng, Ben Baiwangteng, Trifolium repens, double-petalled wisteria, and abundant-flowered wisteria.
The use value and decorative use value of wisteria.
Wisteria is a long-lived tree species and is deeply loved by people. Adult plants have long stems and many flowers, clusters of inflorescences are hung between green vines, and slender pods sway in the wind. Since ancient times, China literati have liked to write poems and paint on it. In the courtyard, use it to crawl around scaffolding to make a flower gallery, or use it to crawl around dead trees, which means dead trees are born. It can also be made into a cliff-style bonsai with beautiful posture, and placed on the tops of several high shelves and bookcases. Flowers and trees are sparse and the old piles are placed obliquely, which has a unique charm.
Landscape greening value
Wisteria, also known as wisteria, is an excellent ornamental vine, which is generally used for garden scaffolding. In spring, purple flowers are in full bloom, which makes it interesting. Suitable for planting in lakes, pools, rockeries, stone workshops and other places, with unique style and common bonsai.
The cultivated wisteria will bear pod-like fruit after flowering and hang between branches, which is very interesting. Sometimes it blooms again in late summer and early autumn. Ears and pods set off against the green leaves. Under normal circumstances, potted wisteria should be cut off in time to avoid nutrient consumption. Wisteria is a deciduous vine. During its dormant period, the branch layout can be adjusted in combination with pruning to maintain a beautiful posture. Wisteria has a long life and extensive management. As long as sufficient sunshine and proper water and fertilizer are guaranteed, flowers will bloom every year.
Medicinal value
Wisteria can extract aromatic oil, which has the functions of detoxification and prevention of vomiting and diarrhea. The seeds of wisteria are slightly toxic and contain cyanide, which can cure muscle pain and prevent wine from going bad. Wisteria bark has the effects of killing insects, relieving pain, expelling wind and dredging collaterals, and can be used to treat bone and muscle pain, wind arthralgia, pinworm disease, etc.
Edible
In Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other places, people often use wisteria to steam food, which is fragrant and delicious. The "purple radish cake" in Beijing and the "wisteria cake", "wisteria porridge", "fried wisteria fish", "cold pueraria lobata" and "fried pueraria lobata" in some places are all made of wisteria.
Remarks: The blue and white flowers of wisteria are very beautiful. It mainly grows in the south and southwest of the United States, and is also known as the cloud bean tree. It is poisonous all over, although it is reported that its flowers are not poisonous, it is better to be careful. Because a large number of reports and scientific research have proved that once eaten by mistake, it will cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea.
prescription
Ascites swelling
Appropriate amount of wisteria, add water to fry the thick juice, remove the residue and add sugar to boil it into a paste, one spoonful each time, and take it twice a day with boiling water.
gastric cancer
65438+ 0 ~ 6g of wistaria tumor (stem and leaf of rattan without tumor) is decocted with the same amount of Ranunculus Ranunculus, Water chestnut and terminalia chebula twice a day.
preservative
Stir-fry the seeds into powder and withdraw the wine.
Wisteria language Wisteria language: intoxicating love, yearning.
Wisteria language: Give you the happiest moment!
Wisteria language: addicted love.