Mango grows well in the area with annual rainfall of 700-2000 mm, but the uneven distribution of annual rainfall in South China often affects its growth and development. Mango is not harsh on soil and can be planted in areas below 600 meters above sea level. So, you can plant it.
I. Mango (Urticaceae)
Mango is the common name of mango (Chinese Flora). Mango is a large evergreen tree native to India, with tough leaves and alternating growth. Flowers are small, heterozygous, yellow or yellowish, forming a terminal panicle. Drupe is large and squashed, 5 5- 10/0cm long and 3-4.5cm wide. It is yellow when cooked, sweet and hard.
Mango is one of the famous tropical fruits. Mango fruit contains sugar, protein and crude fiber. The precursor carotene content of vitamin A contained in mango is extremely high, which is rare among all fruits. Secondly, the content of vitamin C is not low. Minerals, protein, fat, sugar, etc. It is also its main nutritional component. Can be used to make fruit juice, jam, canned food, pickled food, hot and sour kimchi, mango milk powder, candied fruit, etc.
Second, geographical distribution.
Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan Province provinces were born in hillsides, river valleys or wild forests at an altitude of 200-1350m. India, Bengal, zhina Peninsula and Malaysia. This species is widely cultivated all over the world, and has bred more than 100 varieties, and more than 40 varieties have been bred in China.
Third, cultivation techniques.
Planning and Reclamation: Choose orchards with suitable climatic conditions, deep and fertile soil, hard soil hardening and no water accumulation, and close to water sources.
Planting preparation: 1. Planting density varies with climate, soil fertility and varieties. 2. Preparation of planting holes: dig holes 2-3 months before planting, with a width of 80cm and a depth of 70cm. Apply 20-30 kg of decomposed pig manure, cow dung or soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 0.5- 1 kg of calcium superphosphate to each hole, and mix the fertilizer with topsoil and return to the hole.
Planting: It is best to plant in June-August. If there are irrigation conditions, it can also be planted in the southwest and south from September to June at 65438+ 10. If bagged seedlings are used, they can be planted in non-arid areas from March to May.
Fertilization: 1, young trees are mainly fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus, appropriately combined with potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate and bone meal are mainly used as base fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer is mainly topdressing.
2. Fertilization of fruit trees is mainly based on nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and the amount of potassium is not less than nitrogen, and phosphorus, calcium and magnesium fertilizers are added. Specifically, do the following four fertilization:
(1) Flower-promoting fertilizer10-1month. If the crown is less than 4 meters (the same below), urea+potassium sulfate 150 grams or compound fertilizer 250 grams should be applied to each plant. With the increase of tree crown, the amount of fertilization also increased accordingly.
(2) When the flowering amount is large, after flowering, urea 100- 150g should be applied to each plant, or 1% urea or potassium nitrate should be added as root topdressing.
(3) The rapid growth period of fruit is about 30 days after flowering, which is also the spring shoot sprouting period of young fruit trees. From this time to 15 days before harvest, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be topdressing 1-2 times, or topdressing outside the roots to ensure the nutrients needed for fruit development.
(4) After-fruit fertilizer and heavy fertilizer should be applied immediately after fruit picking. In the harvest year, available nitrogen fertilizer can be applied before and after fruit harvest, with urea 150-200g per plant, followed by organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
Pruning: Pruning is one of the key measures for fast growth, early fruiting, high and stable yield and high quality of mango.
Other measures:
1. The experience of fruit bagging proves that bagging with white paper or old newspaper 30-35 days before fruit harvesting is an effective measure to cultivate high-quality fruits and increase yield.
2. Use growth regulators to preserve fruits or adjust flowering period.
(1) adjusting the fruiting period with paclobutrazol and adjusting the flowering period with paclobutrazol (pp330) can advance the harvesting date to April. The general dosage is paclobutrazol 15% 10g per meter of crown, and the effect of soil application combined with spraying is better. 60- 100 days after application, and the validity period is 2-3 years.
(2) Spraying 200ppm ethephon before flowering can promote flower bud differentiation; Spraying 20 ppm 2.4-d at full flowering stage; 70ppm gibberellin or 30ppm naphthylacetic acid can improve fruit setting rate and yield.
(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer, foliar fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate during flowering and fruiting period is also considered to have the effect of increasing yield.