Jasmine, also known as Jasmine, belongs to Jasminum of Oleaceae. Jasmine leaves are green, white and fragrant, and they are the most common fragrant potted flowers and trees.
Jasmine is native to India and Arabian Peninsula, and its central producing area is near the Persian Gulf. Now it is widely planted in subtropical areas. Mainly distributed in Iran, Egypt, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, as well as Spanish, French, Italian and other Mediterranean countries, India and Southeast Asian countries are cultivated. Athens, the capital of Greece, is called the city of jasmine. The Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Paraguay, Tunisia and Thailand have listed Jasmine as the national flower, along with their cousins Jasmine and Jasmine grandiflora. South Carolina in the United States has been designated as the state flower. In the flower season, the white jasmine sea can be seen everywhere in the Philippines, which makes the whole Philippines exude rich floral fragrance.
Jasmine has been introduced to China for a long time. Wang Zeng, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote: "Jasmine is famous for its beauty of flowers, as far away as Buddhism and China." In the Song Dynasty's On Jasmine in Fujian and Guangxi, it was recorded: "There are many different flowers in Fujian and Guangxi, so it is asked that the pink jade is fierce, and jasmine is the crown of all flowers." Explain the position of jasmine in flowers. Li Rong was first planted in Yunnan, and later spread to Guangdong and Fujian, becoming the birthplace of jasmine in China. So far, jasmine has spread all over the country, and Guangdong, Fujian, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing and other places have become the main producing areas. In recent years, Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Xi and other places have also actively developed potted jasmine production. At present, China's jasmine planting area accounts for 65% of the world's total planting area, and the annual output of flowers ranks first in the world.
Morphological characteristics and varieties Jasmine is an evergreen shrub. The leaves are opposite, bright and ovate. Cymes, clustered at the top of branches, with hairy pedicels and white fragrant flowers, single, double and multi-petalled.
The common ornamental species of the same genus is J. beesianum, which has purple or red flowers and is very fragrant. Jasmine with big flowers, white flowers and fragrance. Italian jasmine (J. humile) has bright yellow flowers. Yunnan jasminum giraldii, with pale yellow flowers, semi-double or double petals, is fragrant. Mavrum with yellow flowers. Two-sided needles with white flowers and lavender leaves are very fragrant. Ginger, the flowers are white, red and fragrant. J.parkeri with small yellow flowers J. polyanthum, with white flowers, is extremely fragrant.
Biological characteristics Jasmine is native to India, Iran, Pakistan and Arab countries. I like a warm, humid and sunny environment.
Jasmine is sensitive to temperature, can adapt to high temperature, can not tolerate low temperature and has poor cold resistance. When the temperature is 0℃, the tender parts of leaves and branches wither, while most branches wither and die. The optimum growth temperature of jasmine is 25 ~ 35℃. Below 10℃, the growth is very slow or even stopped. It can germinate at about 65438 09℃. Growth is slow below 25℃, and buds are bred above 25℃. The formation and development of buds are good at 30 ~ 40℃, and 32 ~ 37℃ is the optimum temperature for flower buds to mature and open. Although flowers can bloom when the temperature exceeds 37℃, they tend to turn yellow and have poor fragrance.
Jasmine's requirements for water are: lush foliage, large transpiration, adequate watering, and 75% ~ 85% air relative humidity in peak season. In the case of serious water shortage in dry season, it affects the growth and germination, and the flowers can't bloom and have small shapes. However, excessive soil moisture can also lead to poor root development and root rot suffocation. Potted jasmine, especially in winter, is too humid and easy to cause root rot.
Jasmine is a long-day plant that likes light. Under direct light, it is most suitable for the growth and development of jasmine. If the light is insufficient or shaded, the leaves of Jasmine will become bigger and thinner, and the leaves will be light green, leading to poor growth and development. The stronger the light, the more developed the root system, the more vigorous the plant growth and the stronger the stress resistance.
The wind has a certain influence on the growth and development of jasmine. In summer, there are many southeast winds and water vapor, which increases the air humidity and makes jasmine grow vigorously. The west wind or northwest wind reduces the humidity and temperature of the air, inhibits the development of buds, and flowers often do not bloom, and some flowers turn purple. In hot summer, the north wind blows jasmine, making the flowers white and fragrant; When the wind blows south or east, the evaporation is large, which will cause dehydration and defoliation and affect growth.
For soil requirements, loose and fertile sandy loam is the most suitable, ranging from 6 to 6.5. Potted soil can be garden soil and chaff ash or a mixture of garden soil and vermiculite and humus soil.
Common propagation methods include cutting, layering and ramet propagation.
Cutting propagation: in April ~ 1 October, select mature1annual branches, cut them to 10 cm length, remove the lower leaves, insert a pair of complete leaves at the top, cover them with plastic film, maintain high air humidity, heal about 20 days after cutting, and then produce tender roots, and insert cuttings into the top and axillary nodes. Cutting takes root fastest in summer and has a high survival rate. It will bloom that year. Dip the base of cuttings with 0.05% indolebutyric acid solution for 3 ~ 5 seconds. After treatment, cuttings usually take root in 15 ~ 20 days, and the survival rate is over 90%. After about 25 days, the cuttings began to sprout and grow leaves. After growing into a new plant, it will enter normal management.
Propagation by layering: select long branches, cut them at 15 cm, preferably at the lower part of the node, bury them in a basin filled with sand and mud, keep them moist, take root after 2-3 weeks, and cut them from the mother plant to become seedlings after about 2 months.
Propagation by ramets: peeling the dense branches of Jasmine and potted them separately in combination with changing pots every spring, and pruning the roots, branches and leaves of the aboveground parts properly during rameting.
Pots of 15 ~ 20 cm are commonly used for the cultivation and management of potted jasmine. Jasmine likes light and is resistant to fertilizer. Potted plants must be placed in sunny places. Flower proverbs often say that "jasmine that can't die in the sun" is the truth. Otherwise, the lack of sunshine will easily lead to white growth, resulting in sparse leaves and affecting flowers. Jasmine branches germinate vigorously, and after changing pots in spring, they are often shaped. After the full flowering period, it needs to be pruned and updated to facilitate the germination of new branches, and the flowers are large and vigorous. As the flower proverb goes, "If jasmine is not pruned, it is obvious that the branches are weak and the flowers are small", and "Pruning should be tough and the flowers should be stable". Fertilize 1 time every half month during the growth period or use "Huiyou" 2 1-7-7 acid fertilizer. Jasmine is very tolerant of fertilizer. If nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, it is easy to cause leaf yellowing. Spraying 0.2% ~ 0.3% urea on jasmine flower buds in the early evening of pregnancy has a good effect on promoting flower bud development.
Pests and diseases are controlled by spraying 800 times of 65% zineb wettable powder. Pests include leaf roller moth, red spider and scale insect, and 50% chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times can be sprayed.
Postpartum jasmine has good color, fragrance, posture and rhyme. Potted plants can decorate the courtyard and bedroom, and it will be more poetic if planted in pieces. Jasmine is also making corsage, flower ball and lantern in Jiangnan, which is unique.
Supplementary information: Jasmine is white and fragrant, and it blooms continuously from summer to autumn, in which July-August is the peak period, with large, fragrant and numerous flowers. Strengthen the management of flowering period, do a good job of "water, fertilizer and light" control, properly prune and prevent pests and diseases? Is the key to make jasmine fragrant.
1. Water should be frequent. Jasmine likes humid environment, so it is more important to water it during its flowering period. Due to the high temperature in summer and the large transpiration of plants, we should give enough water, water it once in the morning and evening, and spray clear water around the leaves and pots in the morning and evening to enhance the air humidity. However, it should be noted that less or no water should be watered in rainy days, and rain should be avoided in rainy days to prevent water from accumulating in the basin.
2. Fertilizer should be large. Jasmine likes big water and big fertilizer during flowering. Liquid fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied once a week. If it can be used alternately with alum fertilizer, the effect will be better. This can not only make the plant nutrition balanced, the leaves green and thick, the flowers big and fragrant, but also effectively prevent the occurrence of plant chlorosis.
3. Semi-cloudy jasmine likes light. Insufficient light can easily make the branches of plants thin and the leaves turn yellow. But if the light is too strong, shade it properly, or the leaves will be burned by the sun. Jasmine can be placed in a semi-shady place, so that it can only receive light before 9 am and after 5 pm.
4. Cleverly pruning jasmine is a new branch flowering, so it is necessary to strengthen pruning during its flowering period, paying special attention to pinching. Branches that have blossomed should also be cut short in time to promote multi-lateral branches and more pregnant buds.
5. Insect-resistant jasmine will be harmed by scale insects, red spiders and aphids in summer. If it happens, it can be captured manually when the quantity is small. When the amount is large, 40% omethoate EC with 1000 times can be sprayed to kill scale insects and aphids, and 20% dicofol EC with 1000 times can be used to kill red spiders. Jasmine is prone to leaf spot in summer, and it can be controlled by spraying 75% chlorothalonil 800 times when it occurs.
Continue to add: it is easier to plant jasmine in the ground, but it is more difficult to plant it in the pot. Therefore, in order to obtain similar cultivation effect, potted jasmine should make more efforts in management than jasmine, and the operation is roughly as follows.
Soil: Jasmine likes loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage. This soil can be mixed with humus, fine sand and garden stones. In this medium, jasmine grows well and has a long life.
Watering: In winter and spring, the lower the ambient temperature, the less watering, as long as the box is kept slightly wet. Drought and flood should be prevented in summer and autumn. In the hot and sunny noon, it is necessary to spray water on plants properly.
Fertilization: Fertilizing jasmine should be mainly in late spring and early autumn. In addition to applying thick fertilizer to plants several times before and after flowering, thin fertilizer should be applied frequently at other times, about once a week. Jasmine can flourish only when it is full of fat, with oily green leaves and fragrant flowers. Daylighting: Jasmine is best placed in a sunny place. If conditions do not allow, you should also be exposed to the sun for not less than 4 hours every day. Jasmine should be placed outdoors. If it is placed in a glass window, it will have a certain impact on the photosynthesis of plants.
Temperature control: in order to raise potted jasmine well, it should be placed at the ambient temperature of 25℃ to 30℃ in peak season; In winter and spring, it should be placed at the place where the ambient temperature is 5℃ to 10℃. This is very important to ensure that jasmine grows normally in summer and autumn and does not die in cold season.
Pruning: Jasmine grows strongly, so reasonable pruning is very important. Generally speaking, before the rapid growth of jasmine in spring, some old branches should be thinned to promote the production of more new branches. In summer, after jasmine flowers begin to bloom in large numbers, we should cut off the branches and just thank them, because jasmine flowers are planted at the top of the branches. After this treatment, potted jasmine plants are not easy to age and will bloom more.
Pay attention to planting jasmine:
1. Sunny. If there is no direct light for more than six hours every day, it is difficult for jasmine to grow well. Only in sunny environment can the flowers flourish and bloom white, fragrant and long.
2. Jasmine likes warmth, just as people like warmth; The optimum temperature is 20-29 degrees Celsius, preferably not lower than 14 degrees Celsius, and it should be sheltered from the wind, otherwise the leaves will easily fall and wither.
Jasmine likes air circulation, so there must be enough space for planting jasmine, and it should not be cramped and stuffy.
4. Plant materials should be loose, have good drainage performance, and not stick or accumulate water. Scheme: six humus soil, two common garden soil and two sandy soil.
Jasmine prefers fat to thick fat, so fertilization should be diligent and not excessive. Planting soil must have base fertilizer. You can add a small amount of bone powder, shellfish, eggshells or dried animal bones to the deep roots, and then apply a small amount of bean dregs or peanuts once a month. The quick-acting fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, which is applied once a year in spring, and the quick-acting fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which is applied once a year in summer. Fish concentrate fertilizer (organic fertilizer) can be applied after flowering, which has a miraculous effect on plant health and flowering.
6. Jasmine is moist, so it should not be dried and soaked. Daily watering should adhere to the principle of proper amount. In the south of China, you can water it every day or every other day in summer and autumn, but don't water it when it is wet in spring and cold in winter.
7. With proper pruning, jasmine can remain vigorous, gorgeous and leafy.
8. Jasmine can be propagated by cutting, cutting, docking and layering.