Planting density. 3m×4m or 2m×4m is suitable for hilly areas; 3m×5m or 4m×5m is suitable for floodplain. Planned close planting cultivation can be properly encrypted. ?
Grafted seedlings should be planted in the garden, with robust growth, no pests and diseases, complete root system, many fibrous roots, large and full buds, 80cm high and more than 0.8cm thick, and the configuration of main cultivated varieties and pollinated varieties is 5? 1 appropriate. One-year-old seedlings with good growth can be selected as rootstocks to be planted in the garden, and then married into the garden after the seedlings survive. ?
Because of the drought in Shandong in winter and spring, it is advisable to thaw the soil before germination in spring. Before planting, level the soil in the garden and dig planting holes according to the planting density. The planting hole is about 1m long, wide and deep, and the raw soil is separated from the mature soil. Apply 30kg organic fertilizer to each hole, add a small amount of phosphate fertilizer, mix well with the ripe soil, fill the hole and pour water for settlement. When planting, dig a hole with a length of 40cm, a width of 40cm and a depth of 40cm in the planting hole, put the seedlings with diseases and insect pests, death and injury, and excessively long roots in the center of the hole, straighten the seedlings, fill in the mature soil, gently lift the seedlings to ensure that the roots are stretched and closely connected with the soil, and then seal the holes with soil for irrigation. After water permeates, soil is cultivated at the roots and neck or covered with plastic film to preserve moisture. The planting depth should be the original depth of the seedlings, to prevent the planting from being too deep or too shallow. After planting, dry it at a height of 60 cm. In order to prevent leaf-eating pests such as scarabs from damaging the shoots, plastic film tubes can be used for protection. ?
2 plastic trimming?
Castanea mollissima cultivation mostly adopts natural joy, which is quick to form and early to bear fruit. When the new branches of leafy young trees are about 30 cm long, they should be removed. According to the growth trend, 1 coring can be conducted every year, but the last 1 coring should be conducted before mid-August. In spring and autumn, the main branch angle is 45, and the auxiliary branch angle is 70 ~ 80. Pruning is combined with thinning, expansion and contraction to keep the tree robust and moderate, and the relationship between growth and fruit is balanced. After pruning, there are 8 ~ 12 fruiting mother branches per square meter of crown projection area according to the tree potential of the variety. Canopy coverage is controlled below 80%. ?
3 Management of soil, fertilizer and water?
Deep ploughing of soil in chestnut orchard can be carried out in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and it is better to combine basic fertilization in autumn, and deep ploughing can be carried out by hole enlargement, deep furrow ploughing or alternate deep ploughing. The time and frequency of intertillage weeding are determined by soil, climatic conditions and weed growth, generally 5-6 times a year, and the intertillage depth is 5- 10 cm. Chemicals can also be used for weeding, but the nature and application of herbicides should be correctly mastered. Wheat straw and weeds with a thickness of 20 ~ 25 cm can be covered in the tree circle belt, and a small amount of soil can be pressed on it to prevent the wind from blowing and promote the covered grass to rot. Chestnut orchards with too sticky soil should not be covered with grass to avoid deteriorating soil permeability. ?
Base fertilizer: combined with deep ploughing after autumn fruit picking, it is mainly organic fertilizer such as human excrement and urine, livestock manure, compost and cake residue fertilizer. Young trees should be applied with 20 ~ 30 kg of organic fertilizer or human excrement 10 ~ 20 kg. As a result, 50 kilograms of organic fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer were applied to the trees. Topdressing: topdressing 0. 1 ~ 0.2 kg urea/plant in the germination stage of young trees; Results Topdressing 1 time was applied to the tree at the germination stage, the fast-growing spring shoot stage and the fruit expansion stage (30 days before harvest), and nitrogen fertilizer was the main fertilizer in the early stage, with a height of 666.7m? 2. Apply 20 kg of urea and 30 kg of NPK compound fertilizer in the later stage. Foliar fertilization: young trees are sprayed with 0.3% ~ 0.4% urea and 1 ~ 2 times in the growing season; Results Fertilizer was sprayed 2 ~ 3 times a year, with 0.3% urea in the early stage and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or compound fertilizer in the later stage. 0.2% ~ 0.3% borax can be sprayed on boron-deficient chestnut garden. ?
In dry years, irrigation should be done in time during flowering, new shoot growth, fruit expansion and fruit picking. Water-saving and water-saving measures such as covering grass under the crown, covering with plastic film and storing fertilizer and water in caves should be taken in chestnut orchards with water shortage. Conditional chestnut orchard can be drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. In chestnut orchards lacking water in hilly and mountainous areas, when using caves to store fertilizer and water, it must be carried out on the basis of deep ploughing, thickening soil layer and improving soil fertility, so as to achieve better results. ?
4 pest control?
Do a good job in forecasting pests and diseases, prevent and control pests and diseases of fruits and branches in time, and make the good fruit rate reach over 95%. ?
5 Harvest and storage?
Pick up the fallen chestnuts in time after the involucre naturally matures and cracks, or knock off the involucre and pile it up, then ripen it and thresh it manually. According to the conditions and needs, carry out sand storage or cold storage, and check in time to prevent rot and reduce losses.