Strabismus refers to the fact that the visual axis of both eyes is not straight, and it is inward, outward or up and down. Normal people's eyes should be parallel in front. When looking at an object, the images of the object fall on the fovea of the macula of both eyes, and then the images seen by both eyes are synthesized through the image fusion ability of the brain. Because the strabismus patient's eye position is not correct, when he pays attention to an object, the image of the object falls on the fovea of the retina of the normal eye, and the strabismus eye falls outside the fovea, so diplopia will occur. The image of one eye is suppressed, losing the single visual function and stereoscopic impression of both eyes, and some will lead to poor vision and amblyopia. Therefore, strabismus is not only an aesthetic problem, but more importantly, if it is not treated in time, it will often cause irreparable visual dysfunction and amblyopia.

Strabismus can generally be divided into esotropia, exotropia and strabismus.

(1) esotropia: commonly known as cross-eyed. The eye position is shifted inward. Clinically, it can be divided into congenital and acquired strabismus. Congenital esotropia exists from birth to birth. The deflection angle is usually large. Acquired esotropia can be divided into accommodation and non-accommodation. Accommodative esotropia often occurs at the age of 2-3 years, usually accompanied by moderate or high hyperopia, or abnormal accommodation cohesion and accommodation ratio; Non-accommodative esotropia has nothing to do with accommodation and refractive state.

(2) exotropia: that is, the deviation of eye position, which can be generally divided into intermittent and persistent exotropia. Intermittent exotropia can be maintained in a normal position most of the time because of the patient's good image fusion ability, and exotropia will only occur occasionally in the sun or when he is tired and careless. Some children often close one eye in the sun to avoid diplopia caused by exotropia. Intermittent exotropia often develops into persistent exotropia, while occasional exotropia becomes persistent exotropia.

(3) Up-down strabismus: that is, the eye position inclines upward or downward, which is generally rare. Strabismus is often accompanied by head tilt.

The treatment of strabismus varies according to the type of strabismus, which can generally be divided into surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment.

(1) surgical treatment is to adjust the strength of the external eye muscle and the position of the attachment point by surgery, so that the eye position tends to be normal. Congenital esotropia and up-and-down strabismus mostly need surgical treatment, and unadjusted strabismus with large inclination usually needs surgical correction.

(2) Non-surgical treatment: Not all strabismus needs surgical treatment. If it is accommodative esotropia, it can be corrected by wearing appropriate hyperopia glasses or binoculars. If you have moderate or high ametropia, you often need glasses to correct it. In addition, axial alignment training can help the recovery of monocular vision and increase the ability of image fusion. For example, training with a visual axis correction training machine, or wearing prism lenses. If there is amblyopia, amblyopia training is also an essential treatment.

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