The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are the largest underground military museum in the world. Terracotta warriors and horses have reasonable layout and strange structure. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the holes between the walls. There are three terracotta warriors and horses pits in the Qin Mausoleum, which are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit in No.1 Mausoleum is rectangular, with a length of 230 meters from east to west, a width of 62 meters from north to south and a depth of 5 meters, with a total area of 14260 square meters and inclined doorways on all sides.

2. Pictures of Terracotta Warriors Museum

This is a place. At present, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Scenic Area implements the one-vote system (including Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum, Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Ruins Park, Bai Xiling Museum and Shijialing Museum).

3.Xi 'an Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors Museum Picture

Terracotta warriors and horses belong to Xi and Shaanxi.

The first is high reality.

The pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses displayed in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses was completely designed according to the actual situation in Qin Jun at that time, so the Terracotta Warriors and Horses were also made according to the actual size. In the past, the sculptures in the Qin Dynasty were mainly decorative, while the figurines in the Qin Dynasty were realistic, with obvious portrait and sketch characteristics.

Pottery figurines are generally about 1.8 meters high and can reach up to 2 meters. They are all big shots. Ma Tao is generally 2 meters long and 1.7 meters high, which is as big as a real horse, with accurate proportion and vivid image. Such a large-scale pottery horse group is also a breakthrough in the history of sculpture in China.

The second is vividness. The realism of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses is not simply imitated according to reality, but the shapes, grades, personality characteristics and mental outlook of different figures of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses after artistic treatment. It can be seen that their sculptures are not only similar but also similar.

The heads of terracotta warriors and horses are the most exquisite, and some are dignified and solemn. Some faces are handsome and slightly smiling; Some of them have wrinkled faces and old faces. Through the detailed description of their faces, Qin Jun's various roles are vividly displayed. The vivid features of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are also expressed through artistic exaggeration and refinement. Their description does not pursue minor details, but grasps the key parts for artistic treatment. For example, thicken eyebrows to make the face more curly, and treat the beard into a flying or curly shape. Although it is inconsistent with reality, it highlights the character. The same is true of Ma Tao. Horses are portrayed by the general shaping method of washing.

In addition to the more exquisite and changeable shape of the horse, S's head, limbs and chest are all freehand and exaggerated, angular, with prominent tendons, rounded hips and slightly concave waist, which looks strong and powerful. There are not too many complicated lines, which are smooth and rhythmic, making people feel like real horses, but it seems that nothing can be found in reality. Flexible artistic skills are also one of the artistic features of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang.

The description of Qin figurines is not single, but uses a variety of artistic techniques. Contrast is one of them, such as depicting subtle armor and simple lower body lines, exquisite military attache, hairstyle and simple figure. These contrast treatments are based on the unity of the overall effect, which makes the image simple and rich, simple and exquisite, and local exquisite and overall imposing manner. In addition, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses are also the unity of round carving, relief carving and line carving. They used traditional folk skills such as plastic carving, piling, kneading, pasting, carving and painting to successfully create a vivid warrior image. Every Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a complete unity, which can be described as a combination of various description methods.

In addition, the true colors of the Terracotta Warriors are actually painted. It is hard to imagine that the terracotta warriors and horses with dust in the pit are actually colored. Due to fire and natural damage, today we can #

Generally speaking, most soldiers' figurines are red shirts, green or blue underwear, pink hands and faces, green or ochre sleeves and collars, black nails on armor and red threaded nails, all of which have certain rules and styles. This combination of painting and sculpture has become a supplementary means of sculpture techniques and an indispensable part of the rich artistic expressions of Qin figurines.

4.Xi Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum Picture Daquan stick figure

The painting method of Qin terracotta warriors and horses is: first draw the head, draw the Qin bun, then draw the eyes, nose, mouth and ears, and then draw the body and weapons in the hands. Finally, color.

5.Xi Terracotta Warriors Museum Photo Album HD

This is a place. The Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang was built on the basis of excavating the pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang.

The Terracotta Warriors Museum has three pits, No.1, No.2 and No.3. The first pit is the main array of chariots and infantry, with a total area of about 14260 square meters. There are about 6,000 life-size terracotta warriors and horses, all of which were copied by the US Army according to the ratio of 1: 1.

Terracotta Warriors and Horses are a world cultural heritage and one of eight wonders of the world. It is also a domestic 5A-level tourist attraction and a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Terracotta Warriors Museum is located in the east of Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province. The pit of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses was found in 1974- 1976. The Terracotta Warriors Museum was opened to the public at home and abroad on 1979. The discovery of terracotta warriors and horses is known as the eighth wonder in the world and a great discovery in the archaeological history of the 20th century. This historical miracle is very worthy of tourists' appreciation!

6.Xi 'an Terracotta Warriors Museum photo

These two are not the same place at all.

Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum is in Lintong. The pit of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses was discovered in 1974- 1976, and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang was opened to the world in 1979. The Terracotta Warriors Museum has three terracotta warriors pits: 1, No.2 and No.3. ..

Xi 'an 'an Museum, located at No.72 Youyi West Road, beilin district, is a museum integrating museums, historic sites and urban gardens. Opening to the outside world in 2007. It is famous for its precious cultural relics on display, the Millennium ancient pagoda in the Tang Dynasty, the melodious morning bell of the Wild Goose Pagoda and the beautiful garden landscape.

7.Xi 'an Terracotta Warriors Museum Full Map Collection

Ticket price of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang:

120 yuan/person

Preferential policies for terracotta warriors and horses tickets:

Free visit regulations

(1) Older people over 65 can visit the Mausoleum Museum of the First Qin Emperor for free with their Chinese identity cards (or senior citizens' preferential cards in Shaanxi Province).

(2) Disabled people with valid disability certificates can visit the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum for free.

(3) China servicemen (including armed police), military cadets, retired Red Army soldiers and disabled revolutionary soldiers can visit the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum for free with valid certificates.

(4)/kloc-Minors under the age of 0/6, who are brought by their parents, can visit the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum for free with Chinese resident ID card, student ID card and household registration book.

Preferential visit regulations

Full-time undergraduate and below students can enjoy half-price concessions with valid student ID cards (adult colleges, on-the-job education, online education, etc. ). No discount.

8. Introduction of 8.Xi 'an Terracotta Warriors Museum

Xi An Terracotta Warriors and Horses Introduction:

Terracotta Warriors and Horses, also known as Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, are the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units and the first batch of Chinese world heritage. They are located in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit 'an 1.5 km east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province.

Terracotta warriors and horses are a category of ancient tomb sculptures. Human martyrdom was practiced in ancient times. Slaves are accessories of slave owners before their death. After the death of the slave owner, the slave was buried as a martyr with the slave owner. That is, the terracotta warriors and horses are made into funerary objects in the shape of military horses (chariots, war horses and soldiers).

1961On March 4th, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was declared open.

The Terracotta Warriors Museum was built in1975165438+10. Originally the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Preparatory Office, it was officially opened to the public on June 1979+ 10/day. It was built on the site of the Terracotta Warriors pit of Qin Shihuang. Shang Ling is located at the northern foot of Mount Li, 7.5 kilometers east of Lintong County and 37.5 kilometers west of Xi. Together with Lishan Garden, it is called the Museum of the First Qin Mausoleum. By June 5438+ 10, 2000, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang had received more than 80 million visitors from home and abroad. The underground army of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses received nearly 50 million tourists, including foreign heads of state and government 187, vice president, deputy prime minister and speaker of parliament 506 and ministerial guests 1852.

There are about seven fonts of Terracotta Warriors, namely:

Chariot: the driver, that is, the soldiers on the chariot except the driver and the driver. Generally, there are two chief officers on the chariot, namely the left and right warriors. Vertical shooting figurines: Among the Qin figurines, the vertical shooting figurines are a special unit, unearthed on the east side of No.2 pit, and their weapons are crossbows. Kneeling figurines: Kneeling figurines, like vertical shooting figurines, together with vertical shooting figurines form the crossbowman army array.

1. Chariot figurines: Chejia, that is, the soldiers on the chariot except the driver and the driver. Generally, there are two chief officers on the chariot, namely the left and right warriors. On the chariot, in addition to the spearmen and the figurines on the left and right sides of the chariot, there are also military attache figurines who command the battle. The military attache is divided into high and low levels and is responsible for operational command.

2. Straight-shot figurines: Straight-shot figurines are a special branch of Qin figurines. Unearthed on the east side of No.2 pit, the weapon is crossbow. Together with the kneeling figures, they formed the crossbowman army.

3. Kneeling figurines: Kneeling figurines, like vertical figurines, were unearthed in the east of No.2 pit. Their weapons are crossbows, and together with the standing figurines, they form an crossbowmen army.

4. Samurai figurines: Samurai figurines are ordinary soldiers with an average height of about 1.8 meters. Terracotta Warriors and Horses, as the main body of the army array, have the largest number of terracotta warriors and horses unearthed in the pit. According to their costumes, they can be divided into two categories, namely warriors in battle robes and warriors in armor. As the main battle force, it is distributed in the whole army.

5. Military figurines: The status of military figurines is lower than that of ordinary figurines, and there are middle and low levels. There are very few Qin figurines in the pit, with less than ten unearthed, which can be divided into two categories: warrior figurines and armored warrior figurines.

6. Cavalry figurines: 1 16 The cavalry figurines unearthed in Pit 1 and Pit 2 are mostly used for surprise attacks in wartime. Because of the particularity of arms, the clothing of cavalry is obviously different from that of infantry and chariots. The cavalry image unearthed in the No.2 pit is the earliest real cavalry found in the archaeological history of China. Therefore, it provides valuable archaeological data for the study of cavalry costumes and equipment at that time.

7. Royal hand figurines: The royal hand figurines are drivers of chariots, and all three pits have been unearthed. Because of the great lethality of chariots in ancient wars, the rider's position is particularly important in ancient wars, especially in chariot wars, and even directly related to the outcome of the war.

After the visit, former French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac said that the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was the eighth wonder in the world.

If you put the terracotta warriors and horses together with the sculptures of ancient Greece and Rome, you may not see that the terracotta warriors and horses have various artistic forms. Actually, the Terracotta Warriors are very strange.

Why is the Terracotta Warriors a miracle? Teacher Yuan, the old curator of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, believes that the Terracotta Warriors have three main characteristics: large, diverse and true.

Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang. The eighth wonder of the world

The big one is a clay statue the size of a real horse.

In the past, some pottery figurines that people often saw in museums were relatively small, generally only twenty or thirty centimeters, and at most sixty or seventy centimeters. Terracotta warriors are as big as horses.

According to preliminary statistics, in the process of excavation and restoration, the names of 87 producers were found. These people are old masters, and there are some disciples below. According to the calculation, Master Lao An plus 10 apprentice is 870. According to this reasoning, at least thousands of people participated in this magnificent project, which is a miracle in the history of Chinese and foreign sculpture art.

Because there are many producers, one person and one style, there are craftsmen from the court and craftsmen from all over the country. Most people think the Terracotta Warriors are similar, but experts can tell who made them at a glance. For example, the works made by court craftsmen are all very heroic generals and heroes, while the styles made by folk craftsmen are fresh and lively, tall and short, fat and thin, which is related to their living environment. Generally speaking, the skills and skills of court craftsmen are superb. The level of folk craftsmen is high or low, mainly reflected in the proportion of the body, such as the length of the arm and the size of the hand. In addition, the level can also be seen from facial expressions.

Because of the above three extraordinary characteristics, Chirac's idea of the eighth wonder of the world was quickly accepted by people all over the world.

9. Introduction of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Shaanxi History Museum

The Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang mainly consists of three pits and an exhibition hall of Terracotta Warriors and Horses No.1, No.2 and No.3.. You can visit them in any order by ticket.

Pit No.1 is the earliest excavated pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, and it is also the largest pit. Rectangular, covering an area of 14000 square meters. It shows the main array where chariots and infantry appear alternately. There are about 6000 pottery figurines slightly larger than real people in the pit. When visitors visit the No.1 pit, they mainly watch the restored and rearranged Terracotta Warriors along the visiting trail. At the same time, you can watch the work of archaeologists in excavating the restoration area, which is probably a rare move in the history of the World Archaeological Museum.

The second pit is the second pit for Terracotta Warriors, and it is also the essence of Terracotta Warriors. It is slightly arc-shaped, with an area of less than half of the No.1 pit, about 6,000 square meters. It consists of four units, and the four phalanxes are composed of chariots, cavalry and warriors, which are neat and orderly.

The third pit is the smallest pit among all terracotta warriors and horses, but it is the command system of the army array. It is concave and covers an area of about 500 square meters.