The first endoscope in the world was invented by French doctor de Suomio in 1853. Endoscope is a commonly used medical instrument. It consists of a flexible part, a light source and a group of lenses. When in use, the endoscope is introduced into the organ to be pre-examined, so that the changes of relevant parts can be directly peeped.
The earliest endoscope was used for rectal examination. The doctor inserted a hard tube into the patient's anus and observed the rectal lesions with the light of candles. The diagnostic data obtained by this method is limited, and the patient is not only very painful, but also has a great risk of perforation because of the hard instrument. Despite these shortcomings, endoscopy has been continuously applied and developed, and many instruments with different uses and types have been gradually designed.
1855, Spanish Cahesa invented the laryngoscope. German Hyman von Hemmerz invented ophthalmoscope in 186 1 year.
1878 Edison invented the light bulb, especially after the appearance of the miniature light bulb, which made the endoscope develop greatly, and the temporary surgical endoscope could reach a very accurate level.
From 65438 to 0878, Liam Nitz, a German urologist, created cystoscope, which can be used to check some diseases in the bladder.
1897, German eldest brother killian conceived bronchoscopy. More than 20 years later, under the impetus of American Joan Chevalier Jackson, bronchoscopy entered the practical stage. Soon, this bronchoscope began to be used for routine lung examination. 1862, the German Small invented the esophagoscope. 1903, American Kelly invented proctoscope, but it was not until 1930 that it began to be widely used. 19 13 years, Swedish Jacobs reformed pleural endoscopy. 1922, American Hindre founded gastroscopy. 1928, German Calker founded the abdominal endoscope. 1936, Skaff, an American, had a ventriculoscopy. It was not until 1962 that Germans Guo Ao and Forestier founded the method of ventriculoscope. From then on, a whole set of microscopic examination series was formed.
With the development of modern science and technology, the endoscope has been completely transformed, using optical fiber. 1963 Japan began to produce optical fiber endoscope, 1964 successfully developed optical fiber endoscope biopsy device. This special biopsy forceps for biopsy can have suitable pathological materials and is less dangerous. 1965, fibercolonoscopy was done, which expanded the scope of examination of lower digestive tract diseases. From 65438 to 0967, we began to study magnifying fiberscope to observe tiny lesions. Fiber optic endoscope can also be used for in vivo testing, such as measuring in vivo temperature, pressure, displacement, spectral absorption and other data.
From 65438 to 0973, laser technology was applied to the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding, and gradually became one of the means of endoscopic treatment. 198 1 year, endoscopic ultrasound technology was successfully developed. This new development combines advanced ultrasound technology with endoscope, which greatly improves the accuracy of pathological diagnosis.
Clinical diagnostic application of endoscopic images
First, the examination of gastrointestinal diseases
(1) Esophagus: chronic esophagitis, esophageal varices, feeding tube hole hernia, esophageal leiomyoma, esophageal cancer, cardiac cancer, etc.
(2) Stomach and duodenum: chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric benign tumor, gastric cancer, duodenal ulcer and duodenal tumor.
(3) Small intestine: small intestine tumor, leiomyoma, sarcoma, polyp, lymphoma, inflammation, etc.
(4) Large intestine: nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic colitis, colonic polyps, colorectal cancer, etc.
Pancreaticobiliary diseases: pancreatic cancer, cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.
Third, laparoscopy: liver diseases, biliary diseases, etc.
Examination of respiratory diseases: lung cancer, transbronchial lung biopsy and brush examination, selective bronchography, etc.
Urinary examination: cystitis, bladder junction, bladder tumor, renal tuberculosis, kidney calculi's disease, renal tumor, congenital malformation of ureter, ureteral calculi, ureteral tumor, etc.
Technical prospect
Medical endoscope has promoted the continuous development of medical cause in different periods. In the future, with the continuous progress of electronic technology and other science and technology, I believe its technology will have a broader and deeper development.
It can not only complete any work that has been completed today, but also provide new diagnosis and treatment image information with CCD with special spectrum. You can also use image processing technology to obtain special images of diseased tissues, use image analysis technology to realize quantitative analysis and diagnosis of lesions, and you can also conduct remote consultation through telecommunication means.
Multifunctional electronic endoscope came out, which can not only obtain the diagnostic information of tissues and organs, but also measure various physiological functions of tissues and organs.
The development of medical endoscope technology has shown great vitality today, and I believe it will make more brilliant contributions tomorrow.