It is also produced in India, Pakistan and Myanmar.
The neem tree has a beautiful shape and beautiful leaves. It has lilacs at the turn of spring and summer. It looks good and has a faint fragrance. In addition, it is resistant to soot and sulfur dioxide, and is a good greening tree species in cities and industrial and mining areas.
Suitable as shade trees and street trees, suitable for planting alone on the lawn, clustered, or planted in pools, roadsides and hillsides.
Melia azedarach is a deciduous tree with a height of 15 ~ 20m.
The branches are widely distributed and the crown is close to the flat top.
Bark dark brown, shallow longitudinal cracks.
Branchlets are stout, and young branches have stellate hairs.
2 ~ 3 odd pinnate compound leaves, and the leaflets are ovoid to ovoid.
The flowers are lavender, about 65438 0 cm long, fragrant, forming a conical cyme, 25 ~ 30 cm long.
Drupe is nearly spherical, yellow when mature, persistent branches, and does not fall off after winter.
The flowering period is from April to May.
The fruiting period is 10 ~ 1 1 month.
Melia azedarach likes light, but it is not tolerant of shade.
Like warm and humid climate, cold resistance is not strong, wind resistance.
The requirements for soil are not strict, and acidic, neutral, calcareous and saline-alkali soils can grow.
A little drought-tolerant and barren, it can also be born near water, but it grows best in deep fertile and humid places.
Neem is weak in dryness, its trunk is not easy to grow straight, and its crown is broad.
Strong germination, rapid growth, but short life, aging in 30 ~ 40 years.
Melia azedarach adopts the plastic way of leaderless trunk modeling.
Because the branches are often low, which affects the height of the trunk, attention should be paid to cultivating straight stems at seedling stage.
1 year-old seedlings often do not produce side branches, only straight stems, and secondary pinnate compound leaves are distributed in the middle and upper parts.
The new buds at the top have dense buds, but they are very fragile. In the middle section, the lateral buds are particularly strong and full. In order to promote the high growth of trunk, the weak should be removed and the strong should be retained.
In winter and spring, cut off the top of the seedlings and leave strong and full buds at the incision.
Cutting intensity should be "Miao Zhuang, straight seedlings and light stubble; The principle of "weak seedlings are bent and short in weight"
When the new buds at the upper end of the trunk grow to 35 cm, the first bud at the top is selected as the central main branch for culture. Except the remaining 1 ~ 2 weak buds, the last few buds are removed for main branch culture to save nutrition and concentrate on the vigorous growth of the central main branch. The new buds can grow about 2 meters in that year.
If the first bud is too close to the cutting mouth or damaged, but its growth is weak, this branch can be cut off together with an old trunk in summer cutting, and replaced with a stronger second bud to cultivate the trunk extension branch.
In the spring of the following year, as in the previous year, the central main branch was cut short, but in the middle and lower part of the main branch of that year, 2 ~ 3 randomly scattered new branches were selected as the main branches for cultivation, and they should not overlap with the main branches left in the upper part, so as to continuously increase the nutritional area of the tree.
In order to control the warping growth of these main branches, short cutting should be carried out every winter, and the shoots should be picked or cut continuously in summer.
Prune in the spring of the third year, the same as last year, but the direction of cutting buds should be opposite to last year, so as to grow into a straight trunk.
When the tree reaches a fixed height, stop pruning and let it branch naturally to form a new tree.