One: Introduction to growth habits
Sophora japonica is a small deciduous tree or shrub, which is formed by crossing traditional Sophora japonica from China with Huang Huai and Sophora japonica from Phnom Penh, USA. Plant height is 3-4 meters, with 5 leaflets. 7 pairs, which begin to bloom in August every year, with buds like golden beans and flowers like golden butterflies, and pods belong to Leguminosae. It grows vigorously, with lush foliage, large and bright flowers and golden color (duck egg yellow), so it has the reputation of Huang Jinshu as a treasure. First frost, with its hospitality and leaves, fills the gap of no ornamental flowers and trees in early winter. It is not spring, better than spring, and has high taste. Small evergreen tree. High lOm, generally 3-5m is the best viewing height. The crown is tall and round. Even pinnate compound leaves, 7-9 pairs of leaflets, petioles and glands at the base of the total axis. Umbrella raceme, born in the axils of upper branches, with bright yellow flowers and a diameter of about 5 mm. Flowers can bloom all year round, but September-10 is the peak. The pods are flat, rosary, 7-9cm long, mature in 1 ~ 2 months, and the seeds are dark brown.
Sophora japonica likes light, slightly tolerant to shade and grows fast. It should grow in loose and well-drained soil, bloom vigorously in fertile soil and be resistant to pruning.
Second, introduce the main value of Sophora japonica.
Potted plants are used as bonsai in cold areas and moved to sunny indoor or greenhouse in winter. Golden Bean Tuan Tuan and Kingdee accompanied Dolly, and fashionable flowers entered the warm home, making the warm winter full of fun. Sophora japonica has a strong plant property, and it can blossom at 1 annual seedling 80. 100cm. Trees are clean, cool, beautiful and very popular. Because of the lack of large-scale seedling raising, there is little greening of urban streets at present. It is a rare variety, and experts predict that Sophora japonica is an essential variety in the long task of beautifying towns; The appearance of Sophora japonica complements the rookie in the winter flower market. It blooms in summer and autumn, and the flowering period is longer, about 3-4 months. Flowers are bright yellow, dazzling in color, bright but not charming, and often used as ornamental trees to green factories, campuses or urban roads.
Three. Introduction of planting techniques
1, breeding and cultivation
The main cultivation and propagation methods are sowing or cutting. After cutting, lignified branches were soaked in 50 mg/kg ABT2 rooting powder for 2 hours, and the survival rate of cutting was high. It should be carried out in spring or summer. When the light intensity is 13, shade with gray shading net to keep the seedbed moist and facilitate rooting. The best cultivated soil is loam or sandy loam with good drainage and sufficient sunshine. Topdressing every 1-2 months 1 time during long-term commuting. Prune and reshape 1 time from late winter to early spring, and vigorously cut the aging plants to promote branch regeneration and achieve the purpose of multi-leaf reproduction. Pots larger than 33cm should be selected, and the culture soil should be loose and fertile, which can be pruned according to hobbies. Drought resistance and waterlogging avoidance, suitable growth temperature 17 ~ 30℃.
2, sowing and breeding
Preparation before sowing
Choose nursery land. Generally, sandy loam with flat land, convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile soil, pH below 7.0 and few pests and weeds is selected as nursery land.
(2) Soil preparation and soil preparation
Deep ploughing should be done in winter with a depth of about 25cm, which can weather the soil and reduce pests and diseases. Half a month before sowing, apply 2.5t organic fertilizer per lhm2, disinfect the soil (sprinkle 5-7.5kg carbofuran, lOkg ferrous sulfate and mud in the nursery), then plow and harrow to make a bed. The bed width 1m, height 25cm, length 10 ~ 20m, walkway 30cm and depth 25cm are required.
(3) Seed selection and spawning
Generally, the purity of seeds purchased in the market is not high. Before sowing, seeds should be selected, and the seeds with insufficient particles should be eliminated, leaving pure seeds to germinate. Soak in water for half a day, then take out the seeds, put them on the soaked sacks, cover them with wet sacks, and germinate for about 1 week. After germination, sow in time. The sowing date of Sophora japonica should be from late February to early March, which is suitable for drilling. Sowing ditch depth1.5 ~ 2cm, row spacing 20cm. The sowing amount is 2kg per 667 square meters. After sowing, cover the fine soil with a thickness of 1.5 ~ 2 cm, and gently press with wooden boards to reduce the phenomenon of cotyledons coming out with shells. Then cover with straw, keep warm and moist, prevent soil from hardening, which is beneficial to seed germination and excavation.
3. Cultivation management
Immediately after the seedbed is wet and covered with grass, spray water 1 time, and spray water evenly. After that, the seedbed should be kept moist, and it will be unearthed in about 15 days. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be uncovered carefully in time. When 50% of the seedlings are unearthed, they should all be uncovered. Too much weeding will cause the loss of seedlings. Fine lines and unevenness are easy to appear after emergence. In order to ensure that seedlings have a certain nutritional space and cultivate strong seedlings, sparse seedlings should be used to make up buds in dense places. In normal field management, spraying water, weeding, loosening soil, fertilizing, etc. It should be implemented. When the seedling grows to about 10cm, it should be topdressing 10% manure 1 time every 15 days to promote the seedling growth.