Rose (Rosaceae, Rosa) is an evergreen, semi-evergreen low shrub, known as the queen of flowers, also known as "moon red". Flowering all year round, it can be used as an ornamental plant and also as a medicinal plant. There are many kinds of modern Chinese rose flowers, including single petals and double petals, as well as beautiful flowers such as high-heart curling; Its colors are rich, not only red, pink, yellow, white and other monochrome, but also mixed color, silver edge and other varieties; Most varieties have fragrance.
There are many varieties of Chinese rose, nearly ten thousand in the world, and more than 1000 in China. Rose is beautiful, beautiful, many kinds, always in bloom. Deeply loved by people. It has been selected as the city flower of 52 cities in China, and the rose was rated as one of the top ten flowers in China by/kloc-0 in May, 1985.
1. Morphological characteristics
The height of Chinese rose is1~ 2m; Branchlets stout, cylindrical, subglabrous, with short thick barbs.
2. Growing habits
Although the requirements for climate and soil are not strict, loose, fertile, organic-rich, slightly acidic and well-drained loam is more suitable. Sexual preference is warm, sunny and ventilated environment. The optimum temperature of most varieties is 15 ~ 26℃ in the daytime and 10 ~ 15℃ at night. In winter, when the temperature is lower than 5℃, it goes into hibernation. Some varieties can tolerate low temperature of-15℃ and high temperature of 35℃; In summer, when the temperature is kept above 30℃, plants will enter a semi-dormant state and grow poorly. Although buds can also be conceived, the petals of flowers will be few, the color will be dull and the ornamental value will be lost.
3. Distribution status
China is one of the origins of Chinese rose, mainly distributed in mountainous areas of Hubei, Sichuan and Gansu provinces, especially in Shanghai, Nanjing, Changzhou, Tianjin, Zhengzhou and Beijing.
4. Garden use
Rose plays an indispensable role in landscaping. Roses are the most commonly used flowers in gardens in northern and southern China. Rose is the main ornamental flower in spring, with long flowering period, high ornamental value and low price. It can be used to decorate flower beds, flower borders and courtyards in gardens, and make rose bonsai, cut flowers, flower baskets and bouquets. Because of its climbing growth characteristics, roses are mainly used for vertical greening and have a unique role in beautifying the landscape environment. If a pleasing energy path and pattern can be formed, all kinds of arches, grids and frames can be made for Chinese roses to climb, and then the buildings can be decorated after proper pruning and modeling.
Second, peony
Peony (PaeoniasuffruticosaAndr. ) is a deciduous perennial shrub of Paeonia in Paeoniaceae. Flowers are gorgeous and magnificent, and they are known as "the king of flowers". Peony flower is big and fragrant, so it has the reputation of "national beauty and fragrance".
In the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yuxi said in a poem: "The peony demon in front of the court is unqualified, and the lotus on the pond is pure and heartless. Only peony is the real national color, and capital moves when flowers bloom. " Peony is a unique woody precious flower in China, with thousands of years of natural growth and 1500 years of artificial cultivation history. In the late Qing Dynasty, peony was once regarded as the national flower of our country. Peony was rated as one of the top ten famous flowers in China in May 1985.
Peony can be divided into wild species, semi-wild species and horticultural cultivated species.
Cultivated peonies are peony, purple peony, yellow peony and other strains, which are usually divided into eight color systems: deep purple, white, yellow, pink, red, purple, cyan and green. According to the flowering period, it is divided into early flower, middle flower and late flower. According to the flower structure, it can be divided into single petal, terrace and single petal, double petal and Chiba. The cultivation and research of peony are more and more prosperous, and the varieties are more and more abundant. There are more than 500 species in China, among which the famous ones are Yao Huang, Wei Zi, Zhao Fen, Er Qiao, Lihua Snow, Jinlunhuang, Binglinggai Hongshi, Yaochichun, Zhang Huaan, Shouzihong, Gejinzi, lantian jade, Wulongwo Mo Chi and Doulv.
1. Morphological characteristics
Peony stems are 2 meters high; The branches are short and thick.
2. Growing habits
Peony likes warm, cool, dry and sunny environment. Like sunshine, resistant to semi-shade, cold, drought and weak alkali, avoid stagnant water, high temperature and direct sunlight. Suitable for growing in loose, deep, fertile, highly dry and well-drained neutral sandy loam; Poor growth in acidic or cohesive soil. Adequate sunshine is beneficial to its growth, but it is not resistant to summer sun. The temperature above 25℃ will make the plant dormant.
3. Distribution status
China is rich in peony resources, and peony is planted all over the country. The largest and most concentrated peony planting areas are Heze, Luoyang, Pengzhou, Beijing, Linxia and Tongling. After the Central Plains flower farmers went to Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Qionglai and other places in winter to urge peony to bloom, peony settled in the above areas, making peony planted all over the country.
4. Garden use
Peony flowers are rich in color, large and beautiful, with good color and fragrance, and have always been loved by people. In gardens, they are often planted in clumps or single plants, some are special gardens for works research or key greening purposes, and can also be potted for the cultivation of cut flowers.
Third, cloves.
Lilac is a deciduous shrub or small tree of Meliaceae and Syringa, also known as Syringa, Syringa North China, Bai Jie, Lover and Longshaozi. Lilac is native to northern China. It has been cultivated in China for 1000 years, and it is a precious flower in China. When the flowers bloom in spring, the huge and gorgeous inflorescences are all over the whole plant, which are full of fragrance and have good ornamental effect. They are famous flowers and trees planted in the garden.
1. Morphological characteristics
Lilac shrubs or small trees, up to 5 meters high; The bark is grayish brown or gray. Branchlets yellow-brown, initially pubescent, and then gradually shed. Inflorescence rachis, pedicels, bracts, calyx, young leaves and petioles are glabrous and densely glandular hairy. Branchlets thick and sparsely lenticels.
2. Growing habits
Lilac is born in hillside jungle, ravine stream, valley roadside and beach water edge, with an altitude of 300 ~ 2400 meters. Gardens north of the Yangtze River are widely planted in China. Like warm, humid and sunny climate, many species also have certain cold tolerance.
3. Distribution status
Lilacs are distributed in Qinling Mountains, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet. Gardens north of the Yangtze River are widely planted. Widely cultivated in temperate regions of the world.
4. Garden use
Lilac is one of the famous ornamental flowers and trees, because it smells fragrant. Clove is a precious flower unique to China. Its cultivation history is over 1000 years, and it is also widely planted in European and American gardens. The plants are plump and beautiful, with dense branches and leaves and unique fragrance. They are widely planted in gardens, institutions, factories, mines, residential areas and other places. Often clustered in front of the building, around the teahouse pavilion; Scattered on both sides of the garden road and in the lawn; It is planted with other kinds of lilacs to form a special garden, forming a beautiful, elegant, fragrant and green branch with excellent effect; Can also be used for potted plants, cut flowers, etc.