?
Olive planting method Olive planting: garden selection
Olive has the characteristics of liking temperature and strong drought resistance. The annual average temperature 18-20℃ and annual rainfall 1200- 1600 mm are suitable for the growth of olive. Gardens with deep and loose soil, rich organic matter or sandy loam are the best.
It is not advisable to attack closed mountain depressions in the west under the condition of strong light or cold air frost. According to the actual situation of the garden, the hillside or terrace with convenient transportation, abundant water resources and relatively flat terrain is selected for planting.
Olive cultivation: method
Olive has developed main roots and few lateral roots, especially its xylem texture is looser than longan, litchi and other fruit trees, and its surface tissue has more milk. After planting, it is difficult to absorb water from the soil in time. When transplanting, the root of the tree is damaged, and there are many water evaporation and juice injury, which leads to the destruction of the water balance between the aboveground and underground parts of the tree and affects its survival.
Choose the rainy season (small full and awn seed stage), minimize root damage when picking seedlings, and pull out 2/3-3/4 leaves in time. Conditional soilless seedling trunks are sealed and wrapped with degradable films to reduce water evaporation. When planting, the hole should be dug deep, buried deep or raised with soil, and a part of raised soil should be dug appropriately after survival. Gardens rich in water should be mixed with water in holes to make mud, or better yet, put the mud in rice fields, plant it in the mud and cover the roots with soil. When planting, you can't apply inorganic fertilizer or organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed, so as not to hurt the roots and affect the survival.
Olive cultivation: field management
Plastic trimming
Olive trees grow vigorously, which is easy to cause excessive nutrient growth and affect reproductive growth. Generally, the advantages of the top are weakened, and light cutting and thinning are the main methods or appropriate short cutting is adopted to promote the branches at all levels to form a uniform and compact crown. The flowering and fruiting of olives have the characteristics of external advantages, and the annual fruiting branches are mostly developed from the summer and autumn branches of the previous year.
When pruning fruits after picking, attention should be paid to cultivating summer and autumn shoots outside the crown to promote the germination of fruiting branches after beginning of spring and before shock, and the fruit setting rate is the best. In the production, some measures such as water control, root cutting, ring tying and chemical control are combined to promote flowering. Circumcision should be handled with caution and should not be advocated.
Fertilizer and water management
In cultivation, the fertilization period and amount are determined according to tree age, tree potential, fruit yield and soil fertility.
Generally, fertilizer before flowering is applied in March, and medium and quick-acting fertilizer is combined with farmyard manure; Topdressing strong fruit fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizer and plant growth regulator from August to September; After fruit picking, farm organic fertilizer should be applied again, and a large number of elements such as N, P, K and Ga should be supplemented, and the soil should be turned, deeply applied and covered as much as possible. In rainy and dry days, drainage and irrigation should be done in time to ensure the normal growth of trees, especially to ensure proper water supply at each budding stage and fruit expansion stage.
Maintenance measures
Insert bamboo poles to prevent livestock from being hurt, and take sunshade measures. Trees can be covered with plastic film or straw to keep humidity, so as to spend the summer smoothly.
Olive planting: harvesting and preservation
According to the use and market demand, timely harvest. Olive fruit contains a lot of tannin, which is easy to lose water and shrink after harvest. When picking up the goods, harvest according to the sales volume, processing capacity or order.
At the same time, we should pay attention to protect the terminal buds of fruit branches, so as to extract the bearing branches of the next year, and try to pick and transport them lightly without damaging the fruits. Maintaining proper and stable temperature and humidity is the key link of olive preservation. Then it is processed according to different procedures according to the purpose, so as to obtain the best economic benefits.
Olive planting skills Olive planting was carried out after Tomb-Sweeping Day. Planting density should be determined according to soil conditions. Generally, it is advisable to plant 20-30 plants per mu. Before planting, open holes and apply sufficient base fertilizer. After planting 1 ~ 2 years, strengthen the management of young trees and master the principle of frequent fertilization and less fertilization. Mainly available water and fertilizer. Grafted seedlings can blossom and bear fruit after 3 ~ 4 years of planting.
Generally planted in spring or late summer and early autumn. The survival rate of planting nutrient bag seedlings is high; Planting bare-rooted seedlings before germination in spring has a low survival rate after germination. Planting bare-rooted seedlings: first, put the seedlings into the holes that have been backfilled with soil and fertilizer, and lay the roots flat on the soil surface in the holes. After the seedlings are put away, cultivate more fertile fine soil around the roots, compact the soil around the seedlings, cultivate the soil into a round soil tray, pour enough water to make it permeable, and spray a new layer of high-fat film to prevent the roots from coming into contact with fresh animal feces and causing new roots to rot. Dwarfing and high yield, spraying Wang Cuihua No.3 can inhibit the wild growth of main shoots, promote flower bud differentiation, blossom more and improve the quality of pollen fertilization. In planting seedlings in nutrient bags, in addition to removing the nutrient bags, put the nutrient soil balls in the holes and cover the root necks, just like bare-rooted seedlings.
When applying fertilizer, young trees mainly use nitrogen fertilizer, and other fertilizers are properly matched. Based on the principle of diligent application, it is generally two months 1 time, or before and after bolting 1 time. Open an annular shallow ditch 40-60 cm away from the trunk for irrigation, and cover the soil after fertilization. Results The trees were fertilized about three times a year: nitrogen fertilizer before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer for strong fruit. At the same time, it is necessary to spray Zhuangguodiling, clean up the nutrient circulation roadblocks of fruit trees, digest the condensate in the fruit stalks to make it smooth, and improve the nutrient transportation capacity and metabolism of the new city. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied to fruit picking, and the amount of fertilizer applied depends on crown size, tree potential and fruit bearing.
Loosening and weeding should be carried out 2-3 times a year within the crown width, and the depth of loosing for young trees should be shallow, and the depth should not exceed 5 cm. The loose range is 20-30 cm from the trunk. The loosening depth of adult trees is 10-20 cm, which is easy to damage the root system.
Chemical control is mainly to prevent and protect the normal growth of new shoots in spring, summer and autumn. Can spray 800 times new high-fat film to prevent diseases. At the same time, biological control, pruning and clearing the garden in winter and artificial killing can be used to control the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Olive pruning thinning
Pruning from the base of a branch is called thinning, or thinning. This is the most commonly used pruning method for olive trees. Dense branches are a major feature of olives. In order to concentrate nutrition on some branches or buds and keep the flower buds on the branches differentiated to promote the results, it is necessary to be sparse on many clustered branches. If it is densely arranged opposite branches, it can be cut every 1 branch 1 branch. If the branches are still dense, you can cut 1 branch every 1 branch in the next pruning.
short cut
Short cutting is also a common method of olive pruning. The so-called short cutting is to select long branches to keep their robust outer buds, and cut the branches that grow outward to promote them to grow new branches, enhance the growth of branches and differentiate into fruiting branches. It should be noted that the vegetative branches should not be too short and too heavy, so as to avoid excessive pruning, which will only consume nutrients and affect the formation of flower buds.
When pruning large branches, if thinning and short cutting are needed at the same time, they should be thinned first and then short cut, so as to grasp the whole picture of thinning and density of branches.
Shrinkage shear
Shrinkage shear is divided into retraction and compression. Leave a stout lateral branch in the proper position of the perennial branch of olive, cutting off its front end is called retraction (shrinkage cutting), and cutting off the upward growing lateral branch is called compression.
Pruning treatment of long branches