(a) the purpose of intravenous infusion and common solutions:

1, use:

① Correct the imbalance of water and electrolyte and maintain the acid-base balance.

② Supplementing nutrition and maintaining calories.

(3) Inputting drugs to achieve the purpose of treating diseases.

④ Rescue shock, increase circulating blood volume and maintain blood pressure.

⑤ Input dehydrating agent to improve blood osmotic pressure, thus reducing brain edema; Reduce intracranial pressure and improve the function of central nervous system. At the same time, through hyperosmotic action, the recovered tissue water enters blood vessels and is discharged through the kidney, which has the function of diuresis and detumescence.

2. Common solutions:

① Water supply and heating, using 5- 10% glucose injection.

② Electrolyte supply: 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 5% glucose sodium chloride, etc.

③ Adjustment of acid-base balance: 5% sodium bicarbonate, 1 1.2% sodium lactate, etc.

(3) Increase blood osmotic pressure and increase circulating blood volume, including various dextran and 706 generation plasma.

⑤ Diuretic dehydration: mannitol, sorbitol, 50% glucose, etc.

⑥ Others: used for specific therapeutic purposes, such as concentrated albumin and hydrolyzed protein.

(2) Infusion reaction and treatment

1, fever reaction

Handling:

(1) Disposal of pyrogen removal in infusion set.

(2) slow down the infusion speed or stop infusion, and notify the doctor.

③ Patients with high fever were given physical cooling, and anti-allergic drugs or hormone therapy when necessary.

(4) Keep the remaining solution and infusion hose, and send them to the inspection room for bacterial culture.

2, circulatory overload (pulmonary edema)

Handling:

(1) Stop infusion immediately and notify the doctor.

② Patients take an upright position with legs drooping to reduce venous reflux and reduce the burden on the heart.

③ Pressurized oxygen supply can increase the pressure in alveoli and reduce the leakage of alveolar capillaries. At the same time, inhaling oxygen after humidification with 20-30% alcohol can reduce the surface tension of alveolar foam, make the foam rupture and dissipate, improve the gas exchange in the lung and quickly relieve hypoxia.

⑤ Give sedatives, anti-vascular drugs, digitalis and other cardiotonic agents according to the doctor's advice.

3, phlebitis

Handling:

① Strictly carry out aseptic operation to avoid drugs irritating to blood vessels from overflowing blood vessels, and change the injection site in a planned way.

② Raise the affected limb, and apply 95% alcohol or 50% magnesium sulfate hot and wet locally.

③ ultrashort wave physiotherapy.

(4) In case of infection, give antibiotic treatment according to the doctor's advice.

4. Air embolism

Handling:

① Let the patient lie on the left side immediately, which will help the gas to float to the tip of the left ventricle and avoid blocking the pulmonary artery entrance.

② Oxygen inhalation.

(3) During pressure infusion and blood transfusion, keep close observation, and nurses are not allowed to leave the ward.