Soft-seeded pomegranate is a small tree suitable for high-density cultivation. In production, 2mx3m spacing between plants is generally used, with planting per mu 1 1 1 plant. Generally, the fruit is about 3kg in the second year after planting. It entered the high-yield period in 4-5 years, and the average yield per plant was about 10kg. After the fifth year, the height of the tree is about 2.5 meters and the crown width is about 2 meters. Although there are some branches between plants, there are no branches between rows. Therefore, close planting cultivation is the key to obtain early high yield of soft-seeded pomegranate. Second, the management of soil, fertilizer and water.
1. Keep soil loose, promote root growth and improve fertilizer and water utilization rate. By promoting roots and strengthening trees, plough 1 time (40cm deep) in autumn and winter every year, and strengthen intertillage after rain.
2. Ensure nutrient supply: When building the garden, dig planting pits with a length of 80 cm, a width of 80 cm and a depth of 80cm, and apply 30kg of organic fertilizer (pig, sheep or chicken manure) to each pit. Fertilizer and water are the material basis for pomegranate growth. Nutrition should be supplemented in time during the growth period to ensure the normal growth of trees and fruits, and fertilization should be guaranteed three times a year. After picking the fruit 1 time in mid-September, ditches 1 strip with a length of 100cm, a width of 50cm and a depth of 50cm were dug on both sides of the tree, and 10% of 30kg organic fertilizer was applied to the plants. Before the second flowering, dig 5-7 holes with a depth of 40cm at the crown projection, and apply urea or diammonium phosphate to 0.2kg of plants; For the third time, before fruit expansion in the middle and late July, 0.2kg diammonium phosphate and 0. 1kg potassium sulfate were applied to each point to promote fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation. According to the soil moisture and fertilization, water the orchard 5-7 times a year to accelerate the transformation of fertilizer.
Third, shaping and pruning
Pomegranate has high germination rate, strong branch formation, easy sprouting and tillering, and the phenomenon of virtual branches is common. Therefore, in production, we should first standardize the tree shape, adopt a happy tree shape that is conducive to improving the light, and the number of trunks should not be too much. After planting 1 year, select 1-4 branches with vigorous growth and suitable direction as the trunk, and remove sprouting strips in time. 65438+ grows vigorously 0-3 years after planting, and the crown expands rapidly. In the following spring, 4 15 branches of Wangzhi were selected, and 1/3 was cut off, and the rest branches were slowly released. In summer, the vigorous branches can be cut off to lower the position of the branches. Remove the sprouting strips in rhizosphere and lower part of trunk in time. In the third year, the methods of supporting, pulling, leveling and dividing are emphasized, the angle of main branches is widened, the growth of effective short and strong branches is promoted, and at the same time, branches are properly thinned and cut to create conditions for cultivating tree-shaped and fruiting branches. For trees with strong growth, attention should be paid to thinning overgrown clustered branches and competitive branches, reducing nutrient consumption, promoting their rational distribution to effective branches, forming more mixed buds and increasing the number of fruiting branches. For fruit trees over 4 years old, it is necessary to remove redundant branches, create a ventilated and light-transmitting tree structure, and focus on removing long branches, over-dense branches, weak branches, pest branches and drooping branches; In time, cross branches, overlapping branches within 20cm, redundant branches, long-legged branches, weak branches and other branches with space will be recovered to restore growth potential and cultivate fruiting branches to achieve high yield year after year. In addition, on the basis of pruning in winter, pruning measures such as wiping buds and removing stones in summer are taken after fruit setting to cultivate fruiting branches.
Fourth, flower and fruit management.
1. After pomegranate buds, the extra bell flowers should be thinned out. For more than two concurrent tubular flowers, the small flowers should be removed, the large flowers should be kept, and the single fruit should be kept. Sparse pests and fruits, and too dense fruits. Small fruits and most late fruits are really double fruits, so that they can grow up and bear good fruits.
2. Cutting 1-2 rings at the base of main branches or large auxiliary branches with few flowers and keeping the distance between the two rings above 4cm can improve the fruit setting rate.
3. Spraying the mixed solution of 0.2% urea and 0.2% borax from the early flowering stage to the full flowering stage, and spraying paclobutrazol, gibberellin and anti-falling agent on the tree body before flowering, after flowering and at the full fruit stage respectively, has an important role in inhibiting the growth of new shoots and preventing flower and fruit falling, and can effectively improve the fruit setting rate, quality and yield.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) gains reasonably.
Soft-seeded pomegranate has a long flowering period, and the fruit can be divided into one flower, two flowers and three flowers, which should be harvested in batches. Mature fruit has yellow-green peel, white or reddish seeds, sweet and juicy taste, excellent flavor, and astringent taste when the fruit is immature. When picking, cut off the fruit handle with a fruit scissors, and handle it gently to prevent collision and falling.