Southern Jiangsu: Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang;

Northern Jiangsu: Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Huai 'an and Suqian;

Nanjing also has its own school.

Secondly, there is little difference between geography and natural environment, which has obvious monsoon characteristics. It is located in the transition zone from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, roughly bounded by Huaihe River-main irrigation canal, with subtropical humid monsoon climate in the south and warm temperate humid monsoon climate in the north. The province has a mild climate, moderate rainfall and four distinct seasons.

Rivers crisscross and water networks are dense. The Yangtze River traverses more than 400 kilometers from east to west, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through 690 kilometers from north to south. Qinhuai River in the southwest, irrigation canal in the north, Xinshu River and Toarey Yang Canal in the north. There are more than 290 large and small lakes, the five largest freshwater lakes in China, followed by Jiangsu. Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake are like two big mirrors, embedded in the water town in the south of the Yangtze River and the plain in the north of Jiangsu Province respectively. Jiangsu is rich in aquatic resources, with vast beaches and shallow seas. The eastern coastal fishing ground covers an area of 6.5438+0.54 million square kilometers, including four famous fishing grounds, such as Lvsi and Haizhou Bay, which are rich in yellow croaker, hairtail, pomfret, shrimp, crab and shellfish. Jiangsu is also the main producing area of crab and eel fry in China. The inland water surface is more than 26 million mu, the aquaculture area is nearly 8 million mu, and there are more than 40 species of freshwater fish 140, and more than 40 species have been utilized.

Mineral resources are widely distributed and varied, and 120 species have been found. Energy minerals mainly include coal, oil and natural gas; Non-metallic minerals include sulfur, phosphorus, sodium salt, crystal, kyanite, sapphire, diamond, kaolin, limestone, quartz sand, marble and ceramic clay; Metal minerals include copper, lead, zinc, silver, gold, strontium and manganese. Clay minerals, building materials minerals, chemical raw materials minerals, metallurgical auxiliary raw materials minerals, special-purpose minerals and nonferrous metals minerals are the advantages of Jiangsu's mineral resources.

Second, the human environment.

cultural context

Humanistic environment can be defined as a function of cultural variables inside and outside a certain social system. Cultural variables include attitude, concept, belief system and cognitive environment. The humanistic environment is an invisible environment hidden in the social ontology and a subtle national soul.

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Comparatively speaking, the humanistic environment in southern Jiangsu is more weighty.

During the Three Kingdoms, southern Jiangsu belonged to Wu and northern Jiangsu belonged to Wei. The Tang Dynasty was divided into Henan Road, Huainan Road and Jiangnan Road. Song Dynasty is a part of Jiangnan East Road.

Jiangsu, like the ancient Yellow River Basin, is also one of the cradles of the birth of the Chinese nation. Since ancient times, human beings have worked, lived and multiplied in this land of Jiangsu. Archaeological findings show that four or five hundred thousand years ago, Dantu "high-funded apes" lived in Jiangsu; 40,000 to/kloc-0,000 years ago, ancient residents such as Xiacaowan people, Dantu people, Lishui people and Yixing people in Sihong traveled all over the country. Six or seven thousand years ago, there were many primitive clans and tribes in the vast area from the north to the Huaihe River Basin and the south to Taihu Lake. From the carbonized millet found in Qingliangang cultural site in Huai 'an, the ribbed pueraria lobata wiring sheet and "polar column" architectural remains woven by carbonized indica rice, japonica rice, rice and wild pueraria lobata fiber found by Caoxieshan cultural leap in Wuxian, and a large number of prehistoric jade articles unearthed in Qiandun cultural site in Kunshan and Zhanglingshan cultural site in Wuxian, we can see that the culture created by ancient humans in Jiangsu was at the forefront of other regions at that time.

Jiangsu is one of the economically developed regions. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the smelting and forging of Wu Heqing bronzes were well known. The prince of Wu, Yecheng, Fu Cha, cast a sword in the Chaotian Palace in Nanjing today. In the Western Han Dynasty, Niu Geng had begun to move in northern Jiangsu. After the Three Kingdoms, Nanjing, as the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, built Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Zhang, Liang and Chen successively and became the economic and cultural center of the South. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the national economic center of gravity gradually moved to the south, "the major events in the world are in the southeast" and "the endowment is mostly in Jianghuai". With the excavation of the Grand Canal, the construction of Huaibei Salt Field and the prosperity of Yangzhou City, it has become a wealth center, a water transportation center and a salt and iron transshipment center in the southeast region. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Jiangsu's economy occupied an important position in the country. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Huang Daopo, a working woman in Songjiang Prefecture, learned the techniques of planting kapok and spinning and weaving from Hainan Island, which were widely spread in Suzhou and Songjiang, and promoted the prosperity and development of handicraft economy in southern Jiangsu.

After the middle of Ming Dynasty, Suzhou, Songjiang, Nanjing and other places were one of the places where Chinese capitalism sprouted, and these areas formed a new class relationship of "machine users contribute, machine workers contribute".

In line with economic prosperity, Jiangsu is also one of the provinces with developed culture, enjoying the reputation of "gathering humanities" in history. In this land of Jiangsu, outstanding scientists, technologists and inventors such as Hua Tuo, Ge Hong, Tao Hongjing, Zu Chongzhi, Shen Kuo, Huang Daopo, Xu Guangqi and Wu Xizhan have been born. Gu Kaizhi, Mi Fei, Mi Youren, Ni Zan, Tang Yin, Zhu Yunming and other famous painters and painters appeared. The Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, represented by Zheng Banqiao, and Jinling, represented by Gong Xian, entered the family. Mei Cheng, the author of Seven Hairs, Chen Lin, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, Xiao Tong, the editor of Zhaoming Wenxuan, Fan Chengda, the great poet of Southern Song Dynasty, Shi Naian, the author of Water Margin, and Wu Cheng'en, the editor of The Journey to the West Sanyan, all these great writers have helped Jiangsu. Famous geographers Gu Zuyu and Xu Xiake are from Wuxi and Jiangyin respectively. There are also famous historians Liu Zhiji and Zhao Yi, and famous experts in sound training such as Wang Niansun, Wang and Qian Daxin. Gu, a native of Kunshan, is a patriotic scholar and has written a lot. Deng Tingzhen, a native of Nanjing, once served as governor of Guangdong and Guangxi with Lin Zexu, rectifying coastal defense, banning opium and cracking down on foreign invasion. Guan Tianpei, a national, and Lin Zexu supported the ban on smoking when he was the prefect of Guangdong Navy. He dealt a heavy blow to the British invaders in the Battle of Sichuan and Bihai, and fought bloody battles with the British in the Battle of Humen until he died for his country. In modern history, famous mathematician Hua, physicist Zhou Peiyuan, bridge expert Mao Yisheng, essayist Zhu Ziqing, poet Liu Yazi and famous painter Xu Beihong are all outstanding figures in Jiangsu history.