Because the fur quality of rex rabbits is greatly influenced by seasons (for example, in hot season, the fur grows sparsely, and the skin is easy to be damaged and difficult to be preserved), it is generally chosen to slaughter and take the skin in winter, that is, from 65438+February to February of the following year, when the fur is clean, fluffy, shiny, high in quality and easy to be preserved.
Now it's time to skin the rex rabbit. How to get high quality rex rabbit fur? Bai, an expert in rabbit breeding in the Provincial Academy of Animal Husbandry, told us that in addition to daily careful breeding, corresponding technical measures must be implemented in the aspects of skin harvesting, fresh skin treatment and preservation.
Strengthen feed nutrition
Feed and nutrition are the most prone to problems in production. Unified nutrition standards, scientific design of feed formula and strict control of raw material quality are the "three keys" to ensure feed quality and nutrition. I would like to remind you that it is best to use commercial feed with high credibility in rabbit farms without formula design technology and raw material control and procurement ability. This may be more cost-effective and effective than making your own ingredients.
Rex rabbits should not only grow meat, but also raise skin, which requires high nutrition. It is suggested that the digestibility is 1 1.3 MJ/kg, crude protein 18%-20%, crude fat 2%-3%, calcium 1%, phosphorus 0.5%, lysine 1% and cystine 0.9.
In order to obtain high-quality rex rabbit skin, adding soybean, cystine or a little sulfur to the diet before slaughter 1 month can improve the fur quality. According to German rabbit experts, adding protein feed such as soybean, alfalfa and sunflower cake to the diet three weeks before the slaughter of fur rabbits has a good effect on improving fur quality.
Grasp the time of picking skin.
The skinning time of rex rabbits mainly includes skinning month age and skinning season.
According to the normal physiological molting law of rex rabbits in different growth periods, the collection age of rabbit skin was determined. Young rabbits molt for the first time from the sixth week after birth, and the molting time lasts for 70 days. The second molting starts around 4.5 months. At this time, molting and shedding are the most serious. The whole body of the rabbit is sparse and uneven, especially on the hips and sides. It takes about 50 days to molt. About 6 months, the second molting ends, the hair enters the mature stage, and the hair roots are firmly planted and not easy to fall off. At the same time, the leather board is mature, with good flexibility, toughness and elasticity, and the stretching area is increased. The quality of 6-8 months old board is obviously better than that of 3-4 months old. If the skin is taken improperly, it will lead to low quality of rabbit skin, depilation, poor grade, low processing utilization rate, no grade and low economic value. In order to improve the grade and economic benefit of rabbit skin, we must pay attention to the age of rabbit skin collection, and it is ideal to collect rabbit skin at the age of 6-8 months, but the time for centralized collection in production is 4.5 months.
Like other animals, the coat quality of rabbits is obviously affected by seasons. One is that rabbits have seasonal molting and depilation; The second is that hair follicle development is affected by temperature. In the summer and autumn when the temperature is high, the seasonal molting of rabbits enters the peak, and some hair follicles are dormant, so rabbit hair is not only sparse but also not firmly rooted and easy to fall off. In winter and spring, as the temperature drops, most rabbits stop molting and enter the mature period of vigorous hair growth, and the hair follicles develop well. At this time, the plush is rich and dense, the needle hair is neat, the luster is good, and the hair does not fall off. This is the best season to get high quality rabbit skin. The best picking season is 65438+February to March of the following year.
Therefore, in order to improve the grade of rabbit skin, it is necessary to make comprehensive consideration, reasonable arrangement and operation according to the best month age and skin collecting season, which is the key to obtain excellent rabbit skin.
Basic method of peeling
Rex rabbit fur is precious. In order to reduce the fouling of fur and protect fur, it should be put to death first, and then peeled and bled.
The first is execution. At present, the widely used execution method is neck replacement. This method is simple and easy, that is, one hand holds the two hind limbs, the other hand presses the medulla oblongata behind the roots of the two ears, and the other four fingers press the mandible, and then the rabbit's head is twisted backwards by pulling both hands, so that the cervical vertebra can be dislocated and killed.
Followed by peeling. Rex rabbits should be skinned immediately after execution (skinning technology is the same as meat rabbits).
Third, the body disposal. In order to prevent the corpse from staying too long and stiff after execution, which makes it difficult to bleed, the corpse was bled immediately after peeling and laparotomy immediately after bleeding.
. First cut the abdominal cavity along the abdominal line with a knife, then cut the pubic symphysis, separate the urogenital tract from the rectum, and take out all the internal organs; Cut off the rabbit head at the front of the cervical vertebra; Cut off the hind foot at the tarsal joint; Cut off the front foot at the wrist joint; Tail cutting at the first coccygeal vertebra. Finally, clean the blood and dirt on the carcass with clean water.
Scientific treatment of fresh skin
The treatment of fresh skin directly affects the quality of rabbit skin. The fresh skin peeled by slaughter contains a lot of water, protein, bacteria and various enzymes. If it is not handled properly in time, the quality of fur products will be affected, and fur will deteriorate, depilate, mold and breed, lose processing value and become waste products.
Fresh skin treatment is to clean the skin plate, cut off the newly peeled rabbit skin (called blood skin), cut off the polluted parts of the head and limbs, and carefully scrape off the residual muscle and fat connective tissue on the skin plate. Otherwise, fresh skin is easy to breed microorganisms, resulting in mildew, depilation, rot and deterioration of the skin, which will also affect the next processing and tanning.
In order to prevent the fresh skin from rotting and deterioration, and prevent the board from being eaten by insects during storage, it is necessary to carry out anti-corrosion and insect-proof treatment in time. The main methods of fresh skin treatment are drying and salting.
Drying is the simplest antiseptic method to reduce skin moisture and prevent bacterial activity. The dried skin made by this method is called sweet dried skin or light dried skin. The specific method is to smear or spray pesticides (all pesticides that can kill arthropods) on the skinned skin (rough surface) first, mainly to prevent all kinds of insects from invading and polluting the skin board. Then spread the leather cover (hair inward) in a cool, dry and ventilated place with bamboo or wooden bow in time to make the board dry quickly. You can also cut the holster from the belly line, arrange it into a rectangle, and stick it on the cardboard to dry in the shade. Don't stretch and widen the plastic skin, so as to avoid skin deformation, resulting in thinning and uneven thickness of fur, but try to flatten it and nail it firmly.
Pay attention to the fact that during the drying process, it is forbidden to overlap the leather surface and the rough surface to avoid exposure to the hot sun and prevent the leather board from cracking or being soaked by melted residual fat; Prevent artificial tearing or stabbing of leather board.
Salinization is the most common method in production, especially suitable for mass slaughter and peeling in high temperature and high humidity seasons or regions. Its mechanism is that salt can create hypertonic environment, expel skin moisture and inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, thus achieving the purpose of anticorrosion. The specific method is to soak the fresh skin in 40%-50% salt solution for several days, then shake off the salt, drain the salt water, and put it in a cool, dry and ventilated place to dry or directly use it for tanning.
The salting-out method has the advantages of strong corrosion resistance and simple operation, which can avoid the adhesion and fracture of rabbit skin fibers during drying, is not easy to rot when it is wet, and is less damaged by insects during storage. Its disadvantage is that in the process of salt skin drying, collagen fiber bundles become shorter and salt particles remain in the skin, which has certain influence on the natural structure of dermis.
Preserve rabbit skin correctly
Rex rabbit skin is easy to absorb moisture and rot. The dry skin after antiseptic treatment and air drying shall be inspected in time, and the wool shall be matched according to the grade, color and size, and bound plate by plate every 10 or 50 sheets, packed in wooden cases, and sprayed with a certain amount of pesticides for storage. The warehouse should be ventilated, dry, heat-insulated and moisture-proof. If it is not properly kept, once it is damp, heated and moldy, white or green-brown skin will appear, and local discoloration will lead to purple and black, and the plate will be damaged. The optimum relative humidity of the warehouse is 50%-60%, the temperature should be kept at about 65438 00 degrees Celsius, and the water content in the skin should be kept at about 65438 02.0%. Stacked in stages, the light dry board is separated from the salt dry board, and a certain distance is kept between the stacks, which is convenient for ventilation, heat dissipation and moisture prevention. Insect repellent such as refined naphthalene powder and dichlorobenzene should be sprinkled on the leather board, and the warehouse should be opened for inspection 2-3 times a month. If it is found that it is damp, moldy and moth-eaten, it should be handled in time. In the storage and preservation of rabbit skin, we should also pay attention to prevent rats and people from damaging rabbit skin.
The benefits of raising rex rabbits are predictable.
Five breeding characteristics
Rex rabbit has the characteristics of good hair, many colors, less investment, strong reproduction and good meat quality.
Good wool quality: its coat is characterized by short, thin, dense, flat, beautiful and strong, and the whole body is densely covered with silky short fluff, with an average of 0/.4-1.8 million hairs per square centimeter, and the wool length is only 1.2- 1.3 cm.
Multicolor: bred more than 20 kinds of beautiful rex rabbits, such as white rex rabbits, black rex rabbits, chocolate rex rabbits and blue rex rabbits.
Less investment: Rex rabbit is a herbivore, and the beverage is mainly green feed, supplemented by concentrate, so the feeding cost is low.
Strong reproductive ability: Rex rabbits have strong reproductive ability. A female rabbit has 4 fetuses, 6-7 fetuses every year.
Good meat quality: Rex rabbit has strong limbs and quick movements. When 4-5 months old and weighing about 2.5 kg, the meat yield is high and the meat quality is good.
The demand for fur is increasing.
Rex rabbit skin sells well in the international market. At present, South Korea, Japan, Europe, America, China and Hongkong need as many as one million rex rabbit skins every year, and the trend is increasing year by year. There are about 500,000 pens in China, with an annual output of about 400,000 skins, of which 300,000 are exported and 654.38+10,000 are sold domestically.
Rex rabbit has deep and beautiful fur, thick and soft skin, good air permeability and rich natural colors. It is a valuable raw material for making clothes, costumes, toys, high-grade decorations, especially women's wear, and has high economic value. Summer skin, small and medium rabbit skin, equal skin and residual skin can all be used for tanning, which greatly improves their comprehensive utilization value. Rabbit skin can be made into glove leather, garment leather, shoe upper leather, etc. Soft texture, good elasticity, good toughness and strong air permeability. In recent years, the development of rabbit skin products has achieved good results and broad prospects.
It is understood that the price of each rex rabbit skin in Chengdu recently is 35-40 yuan, which is higher than the previous period.
Benefits come from quality.
Experts believe that there are still irregularities in the circulation of rex rabbit skin. Because there are few domestic production units with an annual output of 10000 or more rex rabbit skins, the decentralized production mode of thousands of households still depends on vendors to buy them at home. When the market sells well, it tends to lower the standard and rush to buy it, especially around the Spring Festival every year. When the market is unsalable, nobody cares. Therefore, we should grasp the opportunity of rabbit skin listing and try our best to protect our own interests.
Experts pointed out that the market of rex rabbit skin is a quality-centered market. With quality, there will be market and benefit. As long as we improve the quality grade of rex rabbit skin, produce more rabbit skin that meets the requirements of quality standards, increase the share of high-quality skin, especially pay attention to optimizing the special formula of rex rabbit and regulating the nutritional index, and strive for high-quality rex rabbit skin on the basis of not increasing the cost or increasing the cost less. Only in this way can farmers, operators and processors have reasonable profits, which is the goal and expectation of * * *.
[Related links] Rabbit skin grading
Only excellent rex rabbits can produce high-grade rex rabbit skins. The quality of rex rabbit skin mainly depends on several aspects:
1. The fur density of ordinary rex rabbits is only 9000- 12000 per square centimeter, while that of high-grade rex rabbits is above 18000 per square centimeter.
Second, the coarse wool rate of ordinary rex rabbits is high, and the skin quality of rex rabbits is low. At present, the high-grade rex rabbit skin has the trend of no coarse hair. For example, the coarse wool rate of French rex rabbits at the age of 6 is only 2.6%.
Third, the length fineness of the common rex rabbit shows that the proportion of coarse hair length is quite different, short and does not highlight the wool surface. The whole wool surface is smooth, neat and silky, soft to the touch and beautiful in appearance.
The fourth is the size of the skin. Ordinary rex rabbit skin is generally less than 0.09 square meters, while high-grade rex rabbit skin is required to reach 0.111square meters. No matter how good the quality of fur is, it will also reduce the grade of leather sheets. Practice has proved that the rabbit skin area can reach more than 0. 1 1 1 square meter only when the live rabbit weighs more than 2.85 kg.
Thus, rex rabbit skin can be roughly divided into three grades.
First-class leather: good cortex, dense and uniform villi, pure and smooth fur color, no needle hair exposed, no non-woven hair, and no damage to the main parts. The whole skin area is 1 100 cm2; Secondary leather: good skin, uniform fluff, pure and smooth color, slightly exposed needle hair on the back, non-woven wool, rich plush and clean skin. The whole skin area is 1 100 square centimeter, and there are more than two holes in the secondary part; Or the quality is the same as the first-class leather, but the area is about 900 square centimeters, which is also designated as the second-class leather.
Third-grade leather: good cortex, slightly hollow and thin villi, uneven, and pure coat color. It has the area of main skin and secondary skin, but it has three holes with the size not exceeding 3.3 square centimeters; Or the quality is the same as that of the first and second grade leather, and the area is about 700 cm, which is designated as the third grade leather.