"Etiology"
Usually divided into the following three categories.
(1) Artificial pneumothorax is to artificially inject air into pleural cavity to distinguish pleural or intrapulmonary lesions; Or for treating lung diseases, such as tuberculosis.
(II) Traumatic pneumothorax: Pneumothorax caused by chest trauma or internal medical operation injury to visceral pleura, such as chest sharp instrument stab wound, bullet penetrating injury or severe crush injury, and various invasive operations (chest puncture, acupoint acupuncture, subclavian vein intubation, brachial plexus anesthesia, pleural biopsy, percutaneous lung biopsy, etc.). Diagnosis and treatment of injured visceral pleura and lung tissue in neck and chest. Often hemopneumothorax. Pressure traumatic pneumothorax caused by alveolar rupture caused by excessive inspiratory pressure or positive end-expiratory pressure during ventilator-controlled breathing treatment.
(3) Spontaneous pneumothorax can be divided into two types.
1. Primary pneumothorax is also called idiopathic pneumothorax. Pneumothorax refers to a pneumothorax in which no obvious pathological changes are found in the lungs of healthy people by routine X-ray examination. It is more common in young adults aged 20 ~ 40, with more males.
2. Secondary pneumothorax is secondary to various lung diseases and is common in people over 40 years old.
"parting description"
According to the rupture of visceral pleura and the change of intrapleural pressure, pneumothorax can be divided into three types.
(a) closed pneumothorax due to visceral pleural fissure with lung collapse and closed, prevent air from continuing to enter the chest, make the chest pressure close to or slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. After aspiration, the intrathoracic pressure decreased, and the pressure did not rise after retaining the needle 1 ~ 2 minutes.
(2) Open pneumothorax, bronchopleural fistula continues to open, air can freely enter and leave the pleural cavity, and the pressure in the chest is close to atmospheric pressure, around "0", and the pressure remains unchanged after pumping.
(3) Tension pneumothorax, due to the one-way valve function of the hiatus, air enters the pleural cavity when inhaling; When exhaling, the air stays in the pleural cavity, and the intrathoracic pressure rises sharply, which can exceed 19.6kPa(20cmH2O). The lungs are compressed in a large area, breathing is difficult, the mediastinum is pushed to the healthy side, and the circulation is blocked. After aspiration, the intrathoracic pressure drops, and then rapidly rises to positive pressure.
1. Diet care, eat more high-protein diet, not picky eaters, not partial eclipse, and eat crude cellulose food properly.
2. After the pneumothorax is cured, avoid strenuous exercise, weight lifting or weight lifting, and hold your breath within 1 month.
3. Keep the stool unobstructed, and effective measures should be taken if the stool remains unsolved for more than 2 days.
4. Prevent upper respiratory tract infection and avoid severe cough.