1 Current situation of apple bagging in Guangdong Province
1. 1 Apple bagging has developed rapidly.
In order to meet the demand of international market and consumers for high-quality and safe fruits, in the early 1990s, Yuncheng Fruit Industry Bureau of our province organized personnel to inspect apple bagging technology in Shandong Province, and conducted a pilot project in a small scale. After five or six years of exploration, we constantly summed up our experience until it was popularized in the whole province from 65438 to 0997. In the future, some counties and cities will go from paper bags to film bags to paper bags, and some counties and cities will go from paper bags to film bags to paper+film bags. Finally, according to the climate characteristics, site conditions, water and fertilizer conditions, production purposes and economic conditions, the number of apple bagging increased linearly. By the end of 2006, the number of apple bagging in the province reached 654.38+0.5 billion, including 6 billion apple paper bags (including paper and film bags) and 9 billion apple film bags, accounting for 40% and 60% of the number of apple bagging respectively.
1.2 bagged apples sell well and have obvious benefits.
The implementation of apple bagging technology has brought great vitality to orchard production. The quality of the produced fruit has been greatly improved, and the sales price has also been improved. The market is very promising, and the economic benefits produced by bagging are obvious. Among bagged apples in the province, Gala and Huaguan middle-early maturing apples account for 20%, and Red Fuji late maturing apples account for 80%. Among bagged fruits, the average price of middle and early maturing apples, mainly Gala and Huaguan, is 2.6 yuan/kg; Late-maturing apples are mainly red Fuji, with an average price of 2.5 yuan/kg. Among the fruits packed in plastic bags, the average price of middle and early maturing apples such as Gala and Huaguan 1.2 yuan/kg; Late-maturing apples are mainly red Fuji, with an average price of 1.6 yuan/kg. Bagging increased the income of fruit farmers and mobilized their enthusiasm in apple bagging production.
Apple 1.3 bagging greatly improved the excellent fruit rate and commodity rate.
According to the survey, the excellent fruit rate of bagged apples in the whole province increased from 60% in 2005 to 70% in 2006. The overall performance is that the fruit surface is clean, the fruit shape is correct, the color is uniform, and the overall quality of the fruit is generally improved. Taking the middle-grade inner red paper bag of apple sleeve in Shangyang Village of Linfen City as an example, the commercial fruit rate and excellent fruit rate reached 90% and 85% respectively.
1.4 The export volume of bagged fruits is increasing, and the export momentum is getting higher and higher.
Because the business department will provide technical training on the operating rules of apple bagging for fruit farmers every year, help them to transport the fruit bags before bagging, and urge them to water, spray chemicals, supplement calcium and select fruits before bagging, thus greatly improving the quality rate of fruits and gradually forming a large-scale apple export base. Domestic and foreign fruit export companies have come to Pinglu, Wanrong, Qixian and other places in our province to set up camps and organize exports. In autumn of 2006, the ground price of bagged golden crown apples exported was 2.76 yuan per 1 kg, and middle and high-grade paper bag red Fuji apples were sold to Russian, Spanish, Thai, Malaysian and other countries at the price of 1 kg 4 yuan, with a total export volume of about 75,000 t (tons). The situation is very gratifying, and apple production has become one of the pillar industries in our province.
2 The main problems existing in the current apple bagging production
2. 1 There are many kinds of fruit bags, and the quality is difficult to guarantee.
At present, the fruit bags sold in the market are Yun Hong brand, Caishen brand, Shandong Guo Xiang brand, Senquan brand, Kaixiang brand, Hebei Xinquan brand, HSBC brand, Henan Paradise brand, Wanrong brand and Qixian Yutian brand. At the same time, because the quality of fruit bags has not been certified by professional organizations, there are also some problems in the quality of fruit bags, which further affect the quality of fruits, mainly in three aspects: first, the proportion of fruit bags without fixed iron wires is too large; Secondly, the vent hole under the fruit bag should not be too big; Thirdly, the quality of fruit bag paper is unstable, and some manufacturers even have good and bad, intentionally doping.
2.2 Bagging technology is not standardized, and supporting technology is despised.
On the one hand, fruit farmers can't master bagging technology in apple bagging production. During the investigation, it was found that in the process of bagging application, there were still some problems of nonstandard operation technology in many places. Some are not tightly sealed, some fruit bags stick to the fruit surface without opening, and some damage the fruit handle, causing undue losses. On the other hand, the supporting measures of apple bagging are ignored: first, some orchards do not spray specific drugs to prevent ring rot before bagging, or only spray 1 ~ 2 times of protective disease prevention drugs, and bagging is time-consuming and laborious, so that fruits are infected with germs before bagging; The second is not to carry out strict flower thinning and fruit setting; Third, if the fruit trees are not pruned in the growing season, the light transmittance of the trees will not reach about 30%; Fourthly, bagged fruits should not be properly treated after harvest and should not be placed in a cool place as soon as possible after harvest.
2.3 The proportion of middle and high-grade packages is small, and the investment is difficult.
In the whole province, the amount of plastic bags is large, but the amount of paper bags is small, especially the amount of middle and high-grade paper bags is less, which leads to a serious imbalance in the quality structure of high and middle-grade fruits, a certain proportion of fruits with excessive pesticide residues, and many export barriers to apples, which leads to low overall benefits of the apple industry and low income of farmers. It is difficult for fruit farmers to invest in fruit bags, which affects their enthusiasm.
2.4 There are few leading export enterprises and poor sales channels.
There are too few leading local export enterprises to promote the integration of production, supply and marketing. As a result, high-quality bagged fruits can't be sold at the right price, that is, high investment can't get high return, which affects the enthusiasm of fruit farmers for bagging high and medium-grade fruits.
3 Measures to be taken in the future
3. 1 Select fruit bag enterprises to ensure the quality of fruit bags.
In view of the economic, water and fertilizer situation of local fruit farmers, the local commercial department first registered the fruit bag production enterprises, fully understood the basic situation of the fruit bag production enterprises in the province, collected well-known fruit bag production enterprises outside the province, and invited tenders for the fruit bag production enterprises to clarify the quality, brand name, specifications and price of fruit bag paper. Finally, professional organizations will inspect and certify the fruit bag enterprises with high quality and low price, and the business department will sign a contract with the fruit bag enterprises. If there is a quality problem with fruit bags, the enterprise shall be responsible for it, and the business department shall uniformly transfer the bags and distribute them to fruit farmers. On the one hand, fruit bags can be selected according to the local water and fertilizer situation and the characteristics of different varieties to ensure the quality of fruit bags; On the other hand, it solves the problem that it is difficult for fruit farmers to choose fruit bags, and the enthusiasm of fruit farmers for bagging will be further improved.
3.2 Strengthen technical training and comprehensively improve the technical quality of fruit farmers.
Due to the low cultural level and scientific and technological quality of fruit farmers, fruit industry departments at all levels should strengthen the training of fruit farmers in bagging period and bagging methods. First of all, in terms of training methods, professional and technical personnel should integrate theory with practice, give lectures on field operation in orchards, and let fruit farmers bagging in strict accordance with the technical regulations on fruit bagging operation. Secondly, fruit farmers should pay more attention to bagging cultivation measures. Bagging cultivation of apples is a systematic production process, and bagging is only an important link in the production process. In order to ensure that bagging produces excellent and high-grade fruits, it is important to implement a series of supporting cultivation measures, such as watering before bagging, thinning flowers and fruits, pest control, shaping and pruning during growth period, and post-harvest treatment of fruits.
3.3 The government implements bagging subsidies to improve the enthusiasm of fruit farmers for bagging high-grade fruits.
In order to make the fruits in our province adapt to the international market demand, change from quantity type to quality type, expand exports and raise prices, it is necessary to improve the quality of apple bagging and use medium and high-grade paper bags. Yuncheng, Linfen and Jinzhong are the main apple producing areas in our province, and apple bagging is carried out every May. At this time, the orchard needs a lot of investment in watering and fertilization. It is suggested that the relevant government departments of our province can implement certain fruit bag subsidies, so that fruit farmers will have higher enthusiasm for high-grade paper bag bagging and the fruit quality will be improved accordingly.
3.4 Do a good job in fruit marketing environment and promote fruit sales.
In optimizing and improving the fruit marketing environment, governments at all levels and fruit industry departments should actively cooperate, support and cultivate leading export enterprises, implement the integration of production, supply and marketing, increase direct sales, establish a "green channel" for fruit sales, promote fruit sales and provide better services for fruit farmers.
(Date of receipt: 20 March 2007)