Yangmeiyi was planted from late February to early March. Plant 25-30 plants per mu. When planting, 1% male plants should be planted in low hills and 3% male plants should be planted in middle and high mountains. Male plants should be dispersed to facilitate the spread of pollen. Planting Myrica rubra should be "big hole, big fertilizer and big seedling" and "seedling strengthening, root extension, deep planting, soil consolidation, loosening soil cover, topping in summer and shading". Three. Soil and fertilizer management 1. Fertilization: Generally, plant ash and miscellaneous soil fertilizers are the main fertilizers. At the end of June of the first year of planting, 50 grams of urea was applied to the plants, and then 0.25 kg of decomposed rapeseed cake or 1.5-2.5 kg of decomposed manure was applied to the plants in August. At the end of February of the second and third years, urea 100- 150g was applied to plants, 0.5kg of decomposed rapeseed cake was applied in June, and 1kg was applied in plant ash. In June of the fourth year, potassium chloride (or potassium sulfate) 0.5- 1 kg, calcium superphosphate 0.25 kg, decomposed cake fertilizer 1.5-2.5 kg or decomposed stick fertilizer 15-25 kg, 10/0. Apply fruit picking fertilizer once a year after production, and apply plant ash 5-7.5kg 2, urea 0.25-0.5kg, or potassium sulfate and compound fertilizer 1- 1.5kg per plant. After Myrica rubra is put into production, the demand for potash fertilizer is higher. Applying more potassium fertilizer can increase sugar content, bright color and root mycorrhiza. Trees with many fruits can be topdressing with appropriate amount of compound fertilizer in mid-May (fruit hard core stage). Others apply little or no phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer. 2. Deep excavation and soil improvement
After about 3-4 years, the roots of Myrica rubra will be occupied. If the root system continues to develop, it will be blocked by the solid soil on the wall of the planting hole, and its growth will be blocked. The soil outside the planting hole must be deeply cultivated year by year. The deep ploughing position is on the uphill and left and right sides, and the depth is required to be more than 30 cm. Time: Young trees can be put into production in February-March and autumn is appropriate. Fourth, plastic pruning 1, plastic use of happy trees, can bear fruit early. Specific shaping method: after the seedlings are planted, leave 25 cm short pieces. When the buds on the trunk germinate, all the buds below 20 cm are removed, so that the nutrients are concentrated on the upper buds and the thick branches are pulled out. Spring buds mature and summer buds begin to sprout. Summer shoots are important branches in the growth of young trees, so summer shoots must grow strong and strong. When spring shoots grow more than one summer shoot, 2-3 shoots should be selected, and the rest should be removed. After the autumn shoots grow on the summer shoots, the autumn shoots should be pitted to make them grow fully. According to this management, three main branches can be set aside in the next spring, and the redundant long branches can be pulled down to slow down the growth of each tree. Cut the selected main branch short to make it sprout spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots, and select the first auxiliary branch 70cm away from the main branch. The auxiliary branch should be selected slightly downward on the side of the main branch, slightly lower than the extension branch of the main branch, and its growth potential is slightly weak. In the third year, on the basis of completing three main branches and three first auxiliary branches, a second auxiliary branch is provided, and the distance between the second auxiliary branch and the first auxiliary branch is 60 cm. The management of other branches promotes summer shoots, controls autumn shoots and promotes flower bud differentiation. In the spring of the fourth year, the tops of the main branches and the auxiliary main branches are cut short, so that the spring shoots are pushed out and continue to extend outward, and the rest branches are not cut, and the spring shoots are properly controlled to achieve the results of the fourth year. 2. Trim and trim should be done twice. The first time is after picking (that is, in mid-July), mainly pruning large branches, sawing off high vertical branches at the top of the crown, cross branches of two trees, sweeping branches at the lower part, dense branches in the crown, etc. Because only the big branches are sawed without cutting the small branches, the flowering branches of the spring shoots can be strengthened, and the flowering branches of the spring shoots will not be blindly reduced. At the same time, the development of the summer shoots can be promoted, the inner branches can be updated, and the fruiting branches can be increased. The second pruning advocates early pruning of strong trees and late pruning of weak trees. Strong trees can be pruned in June 5438+065438+ 10, and weak trees can be pruned in February of the following year. This pruning is mainly to dry the branches, cut off pests, dead branches, diseased branches, dense branches, straight branches and late autumn branches, and cut off some non-flowering trees and many flowering trees. V. Promoting Flowers and Preserving Fruits, Cherishing Flowers and Cherishing Fruits (1) Young Myrica rubra that promotes flowers grows rapidly through scientific management, and can form a certain tree shape in the third year, and this period has entered a vigorous vegetative growth period. If no corresponding measures are taken to promote flowers, it will continue to grow vigorously and flower buds will not form naturally. Therefore, when young Myrica rubra trees reach the crown that can be put into production (crown diameter is larger than 1.2m, tree height is larger than 1.5m), that is, from July 20th to August, 300 times solution of 15% paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol cannot be used in Yangmei base as a green food) is used to control the crown and promote flowers. (2) One is to spray 0.2-0.3% borax solution at flowering stage to enhance pollen vitality and prevent branch blight. The second is artificial pollination. Myrica rubra orchard with reasonable pollination trees can pollinate naturally if the flowering period is sunny. If the flowering period is rainy and the pollen can't fly far, artificial pollination is necessary when pollination is affected. The specific method is to pick some branches of Myrica rubra with male flowers, put them in bottles filled with water, and then hang the bottles at the top of the crown of Myrica rubra to increase pollination opportunities. Or when the male flowers are in full bloom at noon, cut a few male flowers to the upper air outlet of Yangmei Garden and pat them gently in the middle and around the garden to let the pollen float into Yangmei Garden. The flowering, germination and new root growth of Myrica rubra and Dongkui Myrica rubra, which were put into production at the beginning of No.3 Middle School, are basically synchronized, and the contradiction between branches and fruits is fierce. The terminal bud of fruiting branches of Myrica rubra is leaf bud, and some fruiting branches can germinate spring shoots after flowering and fruiting, which consumes a lot of nutrients and causes serious fruit drop. Therefore, in order to improve the fruit setting rate of Myrica rubra, measures must be taken to control the growth of spring shoots. You can also spray the canopy with 6000 times of "Guozui" liquid at the early stage of spring shoot emergence (at the end of flowering or after flowering), and then spray 3000 times of "Guozui" liquid at intervals of 15 days, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling shoots and protecting fruits. (3) After fruit setting, too many fruits will affect the quality of Myrica rubra, with small fruit deformation, delayed ripening, serious fruit drop in the later stage and easy to bear large and small fruits. Therefore, in order to improve the commercialization of Myrica rubra, it is necessary to thin the fruit, especially for Myrica rubra varieties with large fruit shape such as Dongkui. In mid-May, when young peas appear, according to the vitality, fruit size and variety characteristics of the tree, one-third to one-half of the whole tree will be sparse. For example, the fruit thinning standard of Dongkui Myrica rubra is 3 out of 6 fruit branches, or only 1 fruit is left in each fruit branch. There is little left in the upper part of the crown and much left in the lower part. Deformed fruit, pest fruit, small fruit. Six, the main pests and diseases of Myrica rubra 1, Myrica rubra cancer (1) March-April, before the bacteria in the tumor spread, scrape off the diseased spots with a knife and apply 200 times 402 antibacterial agent, or dig a small hole at the bifurcation of the diseased tree and drop 402 liquid medicine. (2) Cut off the diseased branches (before the new shoots are taken out) and burn them. (3) Wet branches every time you spray fungicides and pesticides, and don't wear leather shoes to climb trees when picking bayberry. 2. Myrica rubra brown spot disease (1) improved the growing environment of Myrica rubra and enhanced the tree vigor. (2) Clean up the fallen leaves in time, focus on burning, and reduce pathogens. (3) Spray protection. In mid-May and early July, 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl or 1: 2: 200 bordeaux mixture 1 time were sprayed respectively. 3. Use 50- 100 times of 95% oil emulsion, or 1000- 1500 times of 25% chlorpyrifos powder or 800- 1000 times of chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate for scale insects (this medicine is limited to use after fruit picking). 4. In larval stage, 80% dichlorvos 1000 times and 5% deltamethrin emulsion 5000- 10000 times were used. Seven, harvesting bayberry generally ripens from early June to July, and the fruit is easy to rot and fall off after ripening, so it should be picked in time. And pay attention to light picking, light putting, light picking, and grade the fruit at the same time. Harvesting should be done in the early morning or evening, not after rain or after rain in Chu Qing, otherwise the fruit is rich in water and perishable. At the same time, the fruits are pre-cooled in the cold storage after picking, and then packaged. The branches and leaves are dense, but the roots are shallow and the branches are brittle, and the trees on the windward side often suffer from it. Before the typhoon comes, the bayberry trees in the tuyere should be cultivated or supported. First, excessive watering, poor root growth, and gradual decay lead to yellowing of leaves and plant death. The way is to water properly, such as potted plants, to master the principle of not watering, to water thoroughly.