(1) Growth and fruiting habits.

Apple pear has strong budding ability and medium branching ability. Generally, all but 2 to 3 buds at the base can germinate. The germination power of latent buds is also strong. When the backbone branches are horizontal or drooping, latent buds can send out leggy branches. The branching force is medium, and 2 to 3 long shoots can be sprouted under the cut. The rest are medium-short fruiting branches, which are easy to bloom and have many fruiting branches. The fruit platform has strong branching ability and is easy to form short fruiting branch groups. The short fruiting branch group has a lifespan of up to 15 years, and the best fruiting ability is when it is 5 to 6 years old. Short fruiting branches and short fruiting branch groups mainly bear fruit, and the continuous fruiting ability is strong. Moreover, the fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups are very resistant to renewal, and it is easy to extract newer branches and produce fruit again. Medium-long fruit branches in the young stage can also bear fruit, but they droop and become weak, so they need to be renewed in time. Strong dryness and obvious layering. (2) Plastic surgery characteristics.

The top of the apple pear tree has obvious advantages, strong polarity, and is sensitive to pruning. During the plastic surgery, try to cut lightly, and do not cut too hard to cause excessive growth. The branching ability of pear is weak, with few branches and small opening angle. Therefore, there are few long branches on the main branch and the density of branches is small. At the beginning of shaping and pruning, attention should be paid to the angle of the opening branches to prevent the backbone branches from extending uniaxially too quickly. Increase the number of branches by pulling branches, pruning in summer, etc.

Because the apple pear tree has a strong apex advantage, few branches, a small opening angle, and a large difference in growth power between branches, the extended branches of the central trunk and main branches often grow too strong, rise and extend too much. It is fast and easy to form crown cohesion. The top is strong and the bottom is weak. The balance between the main branches and the main sides is easy to lose. If special attention is not paid to the cultivation of side branches, ideal side branches cannot even be formed. It is easy to be strong at the front and weak at the back, dense at the front and empty at the back. When pruning, it is necessary to control the central stem from rising too fast to slow down the growth and control the growth. The base angle of the main branch should be open, generally above 50°. After the basal angle is opened during pear tree shaping, attention should be paid to the opening of the tip angle every year. If the tip is upturned, it is easy to be strong at the front and weak at the back, and the inner bore will become bare faster. In order to make more branches, when cutting short, one or two weak buds should be cut before the full buds, so that more long branches can be produced and the growth will be uniform, and the short branches produced at the rear will also be stronger.

The branching ability of apple pears is weak, and the long branches that occur should be used as much as possible to expand the number of early branches and leaves and strive for an early high yield. Try to make full use of the strong branches that occur, and make them into useful branches by changing their direction, location, and growth. If the branches are upright and flourishing, they can be grown to bear fruit. After bearing fruit, they will open, droop, and weaken, and then be retracted for use, or they can be stretched to grow flat and slanted. The vigorous branches that occur on the back of the main branch can be used by topping and twisting in summer to change the growth posture. In short, we should make more branches, sparse them less, and use them more.

Pay attention to the cultivation of the middle and rear branch groups of the main branch as early as possible, cultivate more large and medium branch groups on the anticlinal side, control the extension speed of the main side branch apex, and prevent the lower part of the fruit from being empty and without branches. The long branches that have been retained will be planted for a long time to transform the results.

The large, medium and small branch groups of apple pear are easy to extend uniaxially, so we should try to make them have as many branches as possible to form a fan-shaped branch group. Leave more of them in the sapling stage and cultivate them early. In short, when pruning apple and pear trees, we should use more thinning and spreading methods, less short cutting and retraction, and increase the number of branches by opening the angle and mainly pulling the branches. For saplings, try to increase the number of branches and leaves as much as possible, and prune them lightly; during the fruiting period, focus on adjusting the balance relationship and master-slave relationship, and prune the fruiting branch groups carefully.

Pruning characteristics: ① Large and medium-sized crowns are suitable for sparsely layered main trunks, because they have good branching and budding conditions, are easy to shape, and are most suitable for branch shaping. Except for the middle cut extension branch, the rest of the branches are thrown away. The small crown shape can be a single-layer high open heart shape or a fan shape. ② Make full use of the characteristics of medium-long fruit branches in the sapling stage that are easy to bloom, and promote their fruiting early, but they must be updated in time. Make full use of the characteristics of short fruit branches and short fruit branch groups that produce good fruit when they are 5 to 6 years old, and update them on time to increase the proportion of high-quality fruits. ③ Make full use of the characteristics of easy flowering and continuous fruiting, adjust the proportion of branches and fruits, and retain an appropriate amount of fruits, so that you can have high yields year after year. However, when the branches droop after fruiting and leggy branches appear, it is necessary to cultivate new branch groups or large branches to extend the fruit-bearing years. ④ When planting densely, cut less or not, pull out as many branches as possible, and cultivate long branch groups to facilitate early and high yields. Also, make use of its easy renewal characteristics to prepare preliminary branches and renew them in a timely manner without affecting the yield.