Grape is a perennial vine with slender and soft branches, so it needs to be supported for economic cultivation. Scaffolding can keep plants in a certain tree shape, and the branches and leaves are distributed reasonably in space, so as to obtain sufficient light and good ventilation conditions, which is convenient for a series of management work in the park.

There are many kinds of grape trellis, which can be divided into three categories: column trellis, hedge trellis and trellis trellis (as shown in figure 1).

As shown in figure 1, the main types of grape racks (unit: cm)

1 ~ 4. Single-wall hedge frame 5 ~ 7. Wide-top hedge frame 8 ~ 9. Double-wall hedge frame 10. Large scaffolding 1 1. Small scaffolding 12 ~ 13.

1. Column frame

This is the simplest framework, that is, a short wooden column or bamboo pole is erected next to each grape, and the height of the bracket is similar to that of a tree. The plant adopts head pruning and short shoot pruning (as shown in Figure 2).

As shown in Figure 2, the grape trellis.

Generally, the height of the stem is 0.6~ 1.2m, and the top of the trunk is covered with fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches, so that the new shoots naturally droop around and are not tied. When the trunk is thick enough to support its total weight (the diameter of the trunk reaches 7~ 10cm), the temporary support can be removed without frame cultivation. Column frame has been widely used in some ancient grape producing areas in Europe and still remains today. However, there are some shortcomings such as low yield and late maturity, which have been gradually eliminated. This kind of frame has low cost and simple method, and is suitable for cold-proof areas, so it is rarely used in China.

2.hedgehog

The surface of the frame is vertical to the ground, and columns are set at regular intervals along the line. The iron wire is pulled on the post, which is similar in shape to a fence, so it is called a fence frame, also called a vertical frame. This is the most widely used rack at home and abroad, which can be divided into the following three types:

(1) Single-wall fence frame means that each row has a frame surface perpendicular to the ground. The height of the rack depends on the row spacing. When the row spacing is 1.5m, the frame height is1.2 ~1.5m; When the row spacing is 2m, the frame height is1.5 ~1.8m; When the row spacing is greater than 3m, the frame height is 2 ~ 2.2m ..

The setting method is to set a column every 4~6m along the direction, and fix the side column with falling rocks. The pillar is buried 50~60cm underground, and then the iron wire is horizontally pulled on the pillar. The first wire is 60cm from the ground, and a wire is pulled up every 50cm. Fix branches and vines on the wire.

The advantages of this framework are: ① good lighting and ventilation conditions, good coloring and quality of grapes, which can improve the quality of berries; ② Suitable for close planting, which is beneficial to early high yield; (3) the site operation and management is convenient, which is conducive to mechanized operation.

(2) The wide-top hedge frame is T-shaped, and there is a cross beam at the top of a single hedge frame column. Pull 1~2 wires on the column, and pull one wire at each end of the beam, and the width of the beam is 60~ 100cm. This kind of rack is suitable for varieties with strong growth potential, and the two-arm horizontal dragon trunk is suitable for this kind of rack. Gan Long's arms are distributed on the fence wire about 1.3m from the ground, and the new buds extracted from the short-bearing mother branches on it can be tied to two parallel iron wires on the beam or stuffed in the middle, and then naturally droop and grow.

The height and width of wide-topped hedgerows vary with varieties and growth potential. It is a kind of high-yield and high-quality spectacle frame, and has become a popular spectacle frame in America.

(3) Double-walled hedges are characterized in that two rows of single hedges are arranged in the same row, grapes are planted in the middle, and branches are tied to the hedges on both sides. This frame is about 1.5m high. The establishment method is to erect cement columns at intervals of about 4m along the direction, with the sides of the plants about 40cm, and the columns are inclined outward at 75 degrees to the ground, with the upper width and the lower width being narrow. The wire drawing method is the same as the single-wall fence frame.

The advantage of double-walled hedge frame is that it can effectively use space, double the shelf surface, increase the fruit area and increase the yield compared with single-walled hedge frame. The disadvantage is that the ventilation and light transmission conditions are not as good as those of single-walled hedges. If it is not well controlled, the quality of berries will decline. Field operation and management is not as convenient as single-wall hedge frame, and it is not convenient for mechanical operation. With the increase of scaffold materials, the cost also increases.

3. Scaffolding

A cross beam or stay wire is arranged on the column, and the frame surface is parallel or slightly inclined to the ground. The whole frame is like a shade shed, so it is called a trellis. This posture has been used the most in China and has the longest history. Most vineyards in Liaoning are basically like this, and scaffolding can be divided into three types according to structure:

(1) grids with row spacing greater than 6m are called large grids, generally 8~ 12m. The frame is characterized by a height of 1.5m at the root and a height of 2-2.4m at the top ... If the row spacing exceeds 8m, a row of columns should be added in the middle of the frame. Erect a beam on the cement column, and pull a wire every 50cm on the beam. The surface of the frame is inclined.

Advantages of large scaffolding: ① It can make full use of space and is suitable for planting in the courtyard and roadside; ② Because of the large row spacing, planting ditches can be dug less in the same area; (3) The large row spacing is beneficial to cold protection and soil covering. Disadvantages: ① Because of the large row spacing, the climbing time of branches and vines is long, the early yield is low, which wastes land, but it can be intercropped; (2) the load per plant is large, and the fertilizer and water demand are high; ③ It is difficult and takes a long time to renew branches and vines; (4) If the shelf surface is too large, it is easy to cause insufficient water and nutrient supply, resulting in blindness.

(2) Scaffolding with row spacing less than 6m. At present, the shed with row spacing of 4 ~ 5 m is the most widely used in production. When it is erected, the root height is 1.5~ 1.8m, and the tip height is 2 ~ 2.2m m. The first row of columns is about 0.7m away from the factory building, and the spacing between cement columns is 4 m. The cross beam is erected along the elongation (extension) direction of the main vine. Pull a wire every 50cm on the beam.

The advantages of small shed frame are as follows: ① Because the row spacing is reduced, the frame body is shorter and the molding is faster, which is beneficial to early high yield; (2) The branches and vines are short, and it is convenient to get up and down; (3) it is beneficial to the regeneration of branches and vines, and the vacancy can be supplemented in 2~3 years; ④ The tree potential is balanced, the shelf surface is well controlled, and the yield is high and stable.

(3) The shed hedge frame is essentially a variant of the small shed frame. The main difference is that the shed surface near the root of the frame is slightly improved, so a fence frame surface is added accordingly, so it is called fence frame. This can make full use of space and achieve a three-dimensional effect. In addition, after the scaffold surface is raised, it is more convenient to carry out various operations under the scaffold. The disadvantage of trellis hedgerows is that it is often difficult for hedgerows to get enough light due to the shading caused by trellis, which makes it difficult to maintain stable yield and quality under plants.

(4) The horizontal scaffolding connects a large area (above 0.33km2) of the scaffolding into a whole, making the surface of the scaffolding flat, which is called the horizontal scaffolding (as shown in Figure 3). The frame is 2~2.2m high, and every time two rows of columns are erected, the spacing between columns in each row is 3m, and the spacing between columns in the forward direction is 4m. Double-stranded wire 8 is used around, and single strand is used in the middle (some double strands are added in the middle). Pull a wire every 50 cm on the surface of the frame.

As shown in fig. 3, the method of setting the horizontal shed frame.

The advantages of horizontal continuous scaffolding are: ① the frame surface is 2m high, which is beneficial to mechanical and manual operation; ② Long service life, not easy to be damaged; (3) Good ventilation and light transmission, reduced occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and good quality; (4) Cold regions are beneficial to soil cooling; ⑤ The elevation is inclined, the scaffolding is horizontal, the tree potential is moderate, and the yield is high and stable.