1. medical intervention medical intervention refers to the method that doctors put forward medical diagnosis, that is, the cause, degree and location of hearing loss, and take treatment measures to restore hearing. External auditory canal cerumen: In newborn and infant period, too much cerumen is difficult to be discharged naturally, which may block the external auditory canal. In this case, otoacoustic emission examination often leads to the disappearance of the energy of otoacoustic emission and affects the acoustic immittance examination, so it is necessary to dredge the external auditory canal. Acute secretory otitis media: Acute secretory otitis media in infants is often caused by upper respiratory tract infection and immune allergy. It can lead to tympanic effusion and hearing loss. According to clinical symptoms, otoscopy and audiological examination, including otoacoustic emission and acoustic immittance examination, it can be clear. Etiological treatment can be used, steroid hormones and antiallergic drugs can be used, ephedrine can be dripped into nasal cavity, and tympanic membrane puncture and drainage can be used if drug treatment fails. Improve and restore children's hearing. Congenital malformation of external ear and middle ear: according to different types of malformation, different surgical treatments are adopted, on the one hand, external ear plastic surgery and auricle reconstruction, on the other hand, hearing improvement. Bilateral auricle and external auditory canal malformation should be equipped with hearing AIDS as soon as possible to promote the development of speech and language.
2. Hearing compensation or reconstruction Hearing compensation or reconstruction mainly includes hearing aid matching and cochlear implantation. Hearing aid selection: Children with permanent sensorineural hearing loss choose hearing AIDS, and the degree of hearing impairment is generally moderate to severe. Some experts even argue that people with mild hearing impairment should choose hearing AIDS for hearing correction, and those with unilateral hearing loss can also choose hearing AIDS. Bilateral hearing loss should be equipped with bilateral hearing AIDS. The advantages of binaural selection are that it is beneficial to distinguish the sound source, improve the directivity of the sound source, have good fusion effect and increase the loudness of listening. Cochlear implant: Cochlear implant device is a transducer that simulates the function of human cochlea. It converts sound signals into electrical signals through a speech processor, and introduces them into the electrodes of the inner ear, which directly excites the auditory nerve, thus producing hearing. Cochlear implant device is mainly divided into two parts: implant part (including receiving device and multi-channel electrode) and external part (including earphone, transmitter, voice processor and so on). ). For children with bilateral severe or extremely severe sensorineural hearing impairment, hearing AIDS have no obvious effect for 3-6 months. Preoperative evaluation of cochlear implant should be carried out in about 10 months, and cochlear implant surgery is recommended as soon as possible. 3. Listening function training and speech and language rehabilitation training. Children need hearing function training and speech-language rehabilitation training after hearing aid selection and cochlear implant hearing correction. Doctors, audiologists, speech therapists, special educators and psychologists are needed. It is very important to establish a long-term relationship with children to support their listening and language development, so that deaf children can hear voices and understand words. The contents of auditory function training include: auditory perception; Auditory attention; Auditory localization; Auditory recognition; Auditory memory; Auditory choice; Auditory feedback. Speech-language rehabilitation training: the speech training project is phoneme, syllable, word and short sentence training. Language rehabilitation should follow the following points: 1. If possible, it is best to carry out systematic training in the rehabilitation center; 2. Stimulate deaf children's interest in language;
3. Step by step, from phoneme to short sentence, study repeatedly;
4. Grasp the speech act link and arrange the dialogue content. Speech-language rehabilitation training is evaluated as speech recognition rate and language expression rate.