What is fetal malformation screening? Fetal malformation screening is an examination to detect whether the fetus has brain or structural malformation, which generally refers to the usual three-dimensional and four-dimensional ultrasound examination. But four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound is the most advanced color Doppler ultrasound equipment in the world. Stereo imaging is clear and accurate. More importantly, it has been recognized and trusted by many patients and doctors, and has been continuously promoted and used by people.
So, in this case, how to do the screening of fetal malformation in pregnant women? That is, pregnant women need to lie on their backs when doing four-dimensional examination, and then the doctor will take the instrument to scan the abdominal surface of pregnant women in multiple sections. In the process of scanning, the doctor first comprehensively observes the growth and development of the fetus. At this time, he will measure the biparietal diameter of fetal head, femur length, amniotic fluid index, placenta position, thickness and grade, and will repeatedly and carefully scan the suspected abnormal parts, focusing on the relevant organs and systems of fetal dysplasia. Finally, he will come to the conclusion whether the fetus has fetal compound malformation. This kind of thinking examination can display the fetal organ structure and fetal accessories in the form of stereoscopic imaging, so that the fetal lesions can be displayed intuitively in space, so the detection rate of fetal malformation increases.
Generally speaking, this four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound examination can find fetal structural abnormalities or deformities at the gestational age of 18-28 weeks, and because of the long examination time (usually pregnant women need about half an hour), it is generally necessary to make an appointment in advance to do the four-dimensional examination. In addition, four-dimensional examination can make pregnant women find abnormalities early and make a decision to terminate pregnancy as soon as possible.
Fetal malformation screening is a very important prenatal examination, which can diagnose abnormal fetus before delivery and reduce the birth rate of defective infants and the mortality rate of small infants. Four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound can not only observe the growth and development of the fetus in real time from many aspects and angles, but also provide accurate scientific basis for the application of newborns and pediatrics, gynecology, abdomen, obstetrics, urology, blood vessels and small organs, and make many contributions to medicine. Therefore, fetal malformation screening is a very meaningful physical examination item.
Fetal malformation symptoms lead to different causes of fetal malformation, and also produce many different fetal malformation symptoms. Common fetal malformation symptoms are as follows:
1. Neural tube defect. It is caused by comprehensive factors, which makes it deformed in the early embryo and leads to neural tube closure defects. Neural tube defects include common anencephaly, occipital fissure, exposed brain and cranial spina bifida. About 80% neural tube defects are accompanied by hydrocephalus. According to incomplete investigation, the incidence rate in different regions of China is quite different. It is as high as 6 ‰ ~ 7 ‰ in northern China, accounting for 40% ~ 50% of the total number of fetal malformations, while the incidence rate in southern China is only about 1 ‰.
2. Cleft lip and cleft lip and palate. Palatal plate is intact in cleft lip, and nasal alar and tooth hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate. Severe cleft palate can reach the pharynx, which seriously affects breastfeeding. For this kind of disease, prenatal diagnosis is more difficult. B-ultrasound can only find obvious cleft lip and palate. Although fetal mirror can diagnose directly, it is more harmful. Plastic surgery is effective in neonatal period. It is said that the incidence of cleft lip and cleft lip and palate is 1 ‰, and the risk of recurrence is 4%. The father is a patient, and the incidence of offspring is 3%; The mother is a patient, and the incidence of offspring is l4%.
3. conjoined twins are unique deformities of monozygotic twins. B-ultrasound examination is helpful for diagnosis. Pregnancy should be terminated as soon as possible after diagnosis, and the fetus should be aborted through vagina. Term pregnancy should be delivered in the second uterus.