First, reasonable shaping and pruning

Reasonable pruning can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of trees, adjust the relationship between growth and fruiting, make trees bear fruit early, prolong the full fruit period and achieve the goal of high yield. The characteristics of shaping and pruning of Okubo peach are different from other peach trees. According to its growth and development characteristics, in addition to the conventional pruning methods of peach trees, such as short cutting, dewatering, shrinkage, long-term release, budding, germination, core removal, branch pulling and so on.

Except pruning, taking branches, twisting tips, etc. When pruning, the following technical measures should also be taken:

1, improved cup tree is suitable.

2. This variety of trees is relatively open, with large angles of backbone branches and easy drooping branches. When pruning in winter, it is best to leave buds on the cut buds of the main side branches to ensure the extension angle of the main side branches. For the branches with the same thickness as the main lateral branches, it is advisable to cut them short to increase the thickness of the branches and prevent them from drooping due to excessive angle during the full fruit period.

3. The fruiting branches have short internodes, high and stable yield, mainly medium-long fruit branches, and the tree tends to weaken after the full fruit period. When cutting in winter, in addition to leaving enough spare branches in the crown and the middle and lower parts of the branch group, the rejuvenation branch group should be updated in time to ensure that the proportion of medium-long fruit branches is not less than 42%.

4. When you cut in summer, you can cut off the second-level tip on your back, which is a new angle for the year. In the middle and late May, all the new shoots that do not bear fruit in the opposite branch group should be cut off to reduce nutrient loss. For the competitive branches extracted from the main branches, 18-28 cm can be cut off to promote the development of secondary branches, control the growth of competitive branches and make them bear fruit early. For the long branches in the tree, if there is room for growth, about 20 cm can be cut off and cultured into branches.

Second, scientific fertilization.

Okubo peach has shallow root system distribution, and requires higher fertilizer and water conditions than other peach trees, otherwise, it will lead to poor quality and obvious bitterness. However, most peach orchards in the north are poor in soil, and the organic matter content is mostly between 0.5%- 1.0%, which is far from meeting the needs of peach fruit growth and development. According to years of fertilization experience in high-yield peach orchards, the following aspects should be paid attention to in fertilization:

1, apply more organic fertilizer in autumn. Generally speaking, the amount of fertilizer applied depends on the yield. For example, more than 300 kilograms of organic fertilizer should be applied for every 1.50 kilograms of fruit produced in Taoyuan during the full fruit season.

2. Topdressing should be carried out according to the law of fertilizer demand in each growth period of peach trees, with quick-acting fertilizer as the main fertilizer. For every 65,438+000 kg of fruit produced in the full fruit season, 0.5 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.4 kg of pure phosphorus and 0.7-0.8 kg of pure potassium should be applied throughout the year. If the soil in Taoyuan is poor, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be appropriately increased. At the same time, we should grasp the following three key stages of topdressing: the first topdressing is mainly nitrogen, and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is topdressing before and after germination, the main purpose is to promote the growth of peach trees, improve the fruit setting rate and promote the development of young fruits. For the second time, topdressing fertilizer mainly containing potassium fertilizer combined with a small amount of nitrogen and phosphorus 20-30 days before fruit ripening. The purpose of this fertilization is to strengthen the fruit fertilizer, which is the most critical topdressing for peach trees all year round. The third time, after the fruit was harvested, the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was applied topdressing, which was mainly used to supplement the nutrition consumed by peach trees due to a large number of fruits, restore the tree vigor and increase the nutrient storage of the trees. Of course, in addition to soil fertilization, peach fruit should be sprayed with 0.3%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 3-4 times from swelling stage to maturity stage, which is particularly effective for fruit growth, coloring and increasing sugar content. Spraying 0.3%-0.5% urea solution on leaves for 2-3 times after fruit harvesting and before defoliation is also beneficial to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, improve the quality of flower buds and increase the nutrient accumulation of trees.

Third, scientific irrigation.

Peach trees are drought-tolerant and grow normally when the soil moisture content is 20%-40%. Especially after flowering and fruiting, if the water is insufficient, it is easy to cause a large number of fruit drops. In order to ensure the good growth and development of peach trees, there must be sufficient water supply, but the waterlogging tolerance is poor, and peach brown rot and yellowing disease are easy to be infected in sticky wetlands. After many years of practice, it has been proved that the irrigation in Okubo Taoyuan is mainly concentrated in spring and early summer, especially in the subsequent growth period when the soil moisture is insufficient.

1. Germination period: In order to ensure early spring germination, flowering, leaf spreading and new shoot growth of peach trees, expand leaf area and improve fruit setting rate, soil irrigation and adequate irrigation should be carried out.

2. Hard core period: This period is the key period for peach trees to need water, and it is particularly sensitive to water. If water shortage will lead to falling flowers and fruits, moderate irrigation should be carried out during this period, especially for trees at the early fruit stage.

3. Pre-harvest: 2-3 weeks before harvest, if the soil is dry, light irrigation should be used to make the fruit grow well, the fruit is large and the quality is good, but don't over-irrigate, otherwise the fruit quality will decline.

4. After defoliation: After defoliation and before soil freezing, irrigate with wintering water once, which is beneficial to the growth of the next year. If there is too much autumn rain, there is no need for winter irrigation.

Fourth, thinning flowers and fruits reasonably.

Thinning flowers and fruits is helpful to the growth and development of fruits, increasing the weight of individual fruits, improving the quality, preventing fruits in different years, and adjusting the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, which is one of the important measures to achieve stable, high-yield and high-quality production.

Flower thinning should be combined with winter pruning, mainly to cut off excessive flower buds and short fruit branches, followed by thinning early flowers, late flowers and abnormal flowers at flowering stage; The fruit thinning period is generally carried out 20-25 days after flowering. According to practical experience, the criteria for fruit retention are as follows: no fruit on the extension branch of the main branch, 3-4 fruits on the long branches, 2-3 fruits on the long branches, 1-2 fruits on the middle branches, and 1 fruit on the short branches and bouquets. It is more appropriate to have good light at the periphery and upper part of the crown.

Five, fruit bagging

Bagging peach fruit can change the coloring of peach fruit surface, make the fruit clean and beautiful, bright in color, tender in meat quality and improve in quality. The bagging method is: bagging the peach after the physiological fruit dropping is basically completed, bagging from top to bottom from inside to outside (note that the fruit handle should be placed in the center of the bag mouth, and then the fruit branches should be tied tightly with iron wire or string), and bagging should be carried out 4-5 days before the fruit is harvested to promote coloring, and bagging can be carried out 2-3 days in advance in areas with poor sunshine conditions.

Six, timely harvesting

1. Harvest time: it should be determined according to the distance of the sales market and the requirements of storage and transportation. If it is sold locally, it should be harvested at the maturity of eight to nine.

2. Harvesting technology: Harvesting time is usually in the morning. Fruits are usually harvested before 9 o'clock, so the temperature of fruits is relatively low, which is easy to store and can prolong the sales time. Fruits harvested after 9: 00 am have high fruit temperature and strong respiration, and are not easy to store. Note that the fruit picking basket and the fruit box (basket) should be padded with soft cloth or cattail bag. The order of picking fruits is from the lower part to the upper part, and from the periphery to the inner room. When the fruit is not ripe, it should be harvested in stages.

Seven, pest control

Pests and diseases are the enemy of peach production, and whether they can be effectively controlled is the key to high yield and high quality of peach. Peach gummosis and peach fruit borer are the main pests and diseases of peach in Okubo, and the control measures are as follows:

1, peach gummosis:

Gum flows on damaged branches, leading to premature senescence of branches, easy breakage of main branches, incomplete crown, shortened fruiting period, low yield and poor quality. Preventive measures: mainly to prevent mechanical damage to branches and sunburn, prevent dry pests, apply disinfectant to wounds in time, cut off tender branches of peach trees with gummosis, and scrape off gummosis with a knife before use.

Rinse and disinfect with 5% stone sulfur mixture, and then use 55%-

72% thiophanate-methyl compound wettable powder or bactericide and other new broad-spectrum fungicides. In addition, it can also control other pests and diseases while spraying pesticides with the function of treating gummosis, reduce the harm of gummosis, and also have an effect on water and fertilizer management and control in Taoyuan.

2, peach moth: eating the harm of peach fruit with larvae, causing the fruit to stop developing, discolor or drop fruit, and the pulp is full of insect dung and cannot be eaten.

Main control measures:

(1) Before germination, clear the crop stalks and weeds around the Taoyuan in time to eliminate the overwintering larvae.

(2) Properly thinning the fruits, picking the dried fruits from the trees, picking up the fallen fruits with insects, and carrying out centralized treatment to eliminate the larvae in the fruits.

(3) Mid-late May to early August is the key period for controlling peach fruit borer. Because the occurrence period of peach fruit borer is different from place to place, spray 1 time every half month, and stop using the medicine half a month before fruit picking. Early use 30%

Control with 50% chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times solution in the middle stage and 20% isoprocarb EC in the fruit expansion stage.