Maogu Citrus, named "murcott", "Tangerine" or "Honey murcott", is a hybrid of broad-skinned orange and sweet orange bred by W.T.Swingle of Miami Agricultural Laboratory in Florida, USA in 19 13, that is, a hybrid of citrus. In 1970s, Professor Lin Pu from the Department of Horticulture of Taiwan Province Provincial University introduced this variety to northern Taiwan Province for trial planting. Because of its high sugar content, good and rich flavor, thin and juicy skin and later maturity than banana orange, Maogu orange is much more expensive in the market in Taiwan Province Province, and its planting area is increasing year by year. In recent years, introduction and trial planting have also been carried out in southern Fujian and Wuming District of Nanning, Guangxi.

Mature in February-March, Qingjian orange and Wogan orange are spring oranges.

Basic introduction of Chinese name: Maogu Citrus Latin scientific name: Murcott boundary: Botany: Angiosperm: Dicotyledonous Subclass: Rosasuborder: Sapindus: Citrus Subgenus: morphological characteristics, distribution range, efficacy and taboo, cultivation techniques, planting, cultivation crown, seedling information, fruit tree management, fertilizer and water management, pruning, flower and fruit protection, orchard planning, soil, and flower protection. It blooms in mid-March and matures in February-March of the following year (it belongs to the same category as Qingjian Citrus and Wogan Citrus). The fruit is oblate, neat in shape, smooth in peel, orange-yellow, with fruit shape index of about 1.2, single fruit weight 150-200g, soluble solids 15.0%, acidity of 0.6%- 1.0%, and excellent flavor. However, it is easy to crack fruit, easy to sun, and bear fruit in different years, so cultivation must be prevented. Distribution Scope Maogu Citrus planting in Taiwan Province Province is mainly distributed in the south subtropical area north of Chiayi, that is, north of the Tropic of Cancer, with an annual average temperature of 22-23℃ and an annual rainfall of 2200—2300mm, which is more abundant in heat and precipitation than that in Fujian citrus producing areas. In recent years, introduction and trial planting have also been carried out in southern Fujian and Wuming District of Nanning, Guangxi. Efficacy and taboo efficacy: Citrus reticulata can supplement vitamin C, and Citrus reticulata can clear throat and benefit throat. 1, promoting digestion and conditioning gastrointestinal hairy bone sweet seedling hairy bone sweet is rich in fruit acid, which can promote the secretion of gastrointestinal digestive juice, accelerate gastrointestinal peristalsis and improve gastrointestinal digestive function. Maogu Citrus is also rich in vitamin C and citric acid, which is a natural anti-inflammatory and bactericidal component. When these substances enter the stomach, they can destroy the pathogenic bacteria in the stomach. Regular consumption can regulate the stomach and keep healthy. 2. Prevention of hyperlipidemia Maogu Citrus contains a lot of dietary fiber and rich natural pectin. These substances can purify the blood and remove the accumulated cholesterol in the blood after entering the human body. Moreover, they can also promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and reduce the absorption of cholesterol by human body, which is an important existence to induce hyperlipidemia. After its amount is reduced, the probability of hyperlipidemia in human body will be significantly reduced. 3, moistening the lungs and relieving cough to prevent colds Maogu Citrus is a special fruit that can nourish yin and moisten the lungs, resolve phlegm and relieve cough. It can supplement rich nutrition for human body, dilate trachea, eliminate inflammation of lung and trachea, dilute sputum, promote sputum discharge, and quickly improve the driest symptoms of cough and asthma. Maogu Citrus is rich in vitamin C, which can not only improve human immunity, but also have super antiviral ability. It can reduce the harm of influenza virus to human body and has a good preventive effect on winter influenza. Taboo Maogu Citrus is good, but there are many taboos when using it. Mild in nature, you can't eat it at ordinary times, otherwise it will induce a variety of symptoms of getting angry. People with yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity in life are also forbidden to eat citrus, otherwise it will aggravate the symptoms of yin deficiency and make people constipation and sore throat. Cultivation techniques: Citrus grandis is a hybrid offspring of citrus grandis and sweet orange. It has the advantages of long production cycle, good quality, high output, smooth appearance and good storage and transportation resistance. It is one of the excellent fresh-eating citrus varieties with sustainable development, but it also has the disadvantages of easy fruit cracking and excessive sun-drying. It is especially necessary to prevent such problems in planting. How to plant Maogu Citrus? The author introduces the training experience in recent years for your reference. The sloping land or paddy field with loose, fertile, good irrigation and drainage, pH value of 5.5-6.5 and sunny and leeward is selected as the garden. According to the planting specifications of row spacing of 3m×2m, 1 1 plant /667m2 or row spacing of 2.5m×2m, 133 plants /667m2, dig pits or ditches with a width of 80cm and a depth of 60cm, and put 30-50kg retting organic fertilizer and 6540 in each pit. At this time, the root system has begun to move, and the survival rate is high. Irrigation areas can also be planted in autumn. After planting for about one month, the seedlings basically survive. Apply some dilute manure water and 0.2%-0.5% urea or compound fertilizer. In the future, before each new shoot germinates and before the old shoot matures, the fertilizer is basically a quick-acting fertilizer. Maogugan has a strong ability to cultivate the crown of Maogugan, which is often clustered. If it is not controlled, it will inevitably lead to insufficient nutrient supply, poor growth and development of branches, short and weak, and pests and diseases are prone to occur in the shade. Therefore, pruning and shaping, and cultivating a canopy with ventilation and light transmission and reasonable branch distribution are the keys to the stable growth, high quality and high yield of trees. Generally, only 3-4 strong branches are left, and 2-3 strong buds in different directions are left for ordinary branches. There are 3 batches of bamboo shoots in Guilin every spring, summer and autumn, and 3-5 batches of bamboo shoots can be put in the south of Liuzhou, gradually forming a compact and stable crown. Seedling information When you build a new orchard, you can choose grafted fruit seedlings, which will bear fruit quickly, grow evenly and be easy to manage. Results The tree management measures of fruit cracking disease strengthened the management of soil fertilizer and water in navel orange orchard: during the rapid expansion period of navel orange fruit, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to create a deep permeable soil structure. Drainage and irrigation should be done well in rainy season and dry season to improve the microclimate of orchard and increase the relative humidity of air, so as to avoid fruit cracking due to excessive dryness of pericarp and excessive moisture change of pulp. Do a good job of ground cover, tree tray or row cover, rice straw, rape straw and wheat straw in autumn, enhance the ability of drought resistance and water conservation in orchard, adjust the temperature and humidity, and ensure the balanced supply of soil moisture. Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases: pay special attention to the prevention and control of scale insects and rust ticks. Chemical crack prevention: before and after the second physiological fruit drop, the navel of young fruit was coated with 150 mg | L gibberellin solution and 200 mg 7 L gibberellin solution respectively. The anti-cracking effect is obvious, and the fruit is also protected. Applying 200 mg of 7 liters gibberellin and 800 times of thiophanate methyl to mild fruit cracking can make the fruit cracking wound heal quickly and rarely recur. Fertilizer and water management Maogu Citrus has many flowers, easy fruit setting, high yield and high solid content. Therefore, fertilizer and water management is very important. We sum up this part of management in three sentences: "Nitrogen application in spring, potassium application in summer, compound application in autumn, drenching with bran water during the expansion period, and re-application after harvest to promote recovery." "Spring nitrogen" means that after beginning of spring, before bud germination, the roots began to move, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and fertilizer was applied to attack buds and flowers. The specific method is to sprinkle 25 kilograms of retting organic fertilizer +0.5 kilograms of urea under each crown, gently loosen the soil and turn the fertilizer under the topsoil. "Summer potassium" means that in early May, before physiological fruit dropping, potassium fertilizer was mainly applied and fruit stabilizing fertilizer was applied. Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on leaves and applying 0.2kg/ plant potassium chloride on the ground can reduce fruit drop; "Autumn compound" is to apply 0.2kg/ plant compound fertilizer before releasing autumn shoots in mid-July; "Spraying with bran water" means spraying with light bran water +0. 1%-0.3% urea every half month in July-65438+early February, each plant is about 25 kg; "Re-application after harvest" refers to digging a ditch with a width of 40cm and a depth of 60cm under the drip line of 1/4 crown, and applying 20-30kg fresh grass, 30kg cooked organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate+1kg to each plant. The work of shaping and pruning can be summarized as four sentences: "Leave spring shoots, wipe summer shoots, put autumn shoots, and strictly control late autumn shoots and winter shoots". That is, when the spring shoots grow to 5 cm long, 2-3 strong buds in different directions are left on each branch. The principle of bud retention is: sparse and sparse, sparse and short, sparse and weak, strong and clustered, leaving 6-7 leaves for coring; All the summer buds have been erased; Before the autumn shoots are released (the first half of July), the scattered buds should be erased and the branches cut short. The cutting position should not be too high or too low, preferably between paragraphs 6 and 7. Autumn bamboo shoots are released in Guilin in the middle and late July. If the tree is weak or the tree shape is not compact, a small number of late autumn branches can be left as appropriate, and the rest and winter branches can be completely smoothed. When pruning in winter, on the basis of ventilation and light transmission, branches and compact crowns should be distributed reasonably, and cross branches, shade branches, overgrown branches, pest branches, weak branches and dead branches should be cut off, burned centrally, and cleaned in the garden. Preserving flowers and thinning flowers and fruits is easy to cause insufficient nutrition supply, poor growth and development of flowers and fruits, small fruits and poor quality, and it is also easy to cause fruit bearing in different years. Therefore, it is necessary to sparse some flowers and fruits. The practice is: weak flowers and weak fruits, flowers and fruits of pests and diseases, flowers and fruits without leaves and with few leaves are all smoothed. When the flowers turn white, spray trichlorfon 500 times on the ground and fenpropathrin 800 times on the trees to prevent and control bud maggots and thrips. Windproof, sunscreen and antifreeze citrus fruits are mostly in the branches, which are easy to cause sunburn and wind scar, especially young trees. Therefore, when the transverse diameter of the fruit is 4cm, the harm of sunburn can be reduced by sticking white paper or bagging on the sunny part. Although Maogu citrus has strong cold resistance, severe frost and snow freezing will still affect the quality and yield of fruit. Therefore, watering, covering, smoking and spraying foliar fertilizer such as plant dragon before and after frost and snow have certain protective effects. Anti-cracking and anti-falling valley citrus peel is very thin and easy to crack, especially in a period of drought, sudden rainstorm and fruit expansion. Therefore, during the fruit expansion period from May to 65438+February, straw, bagasse or other organic fibers should be covered under the tree crown, and the covering requirement should be pH 5.5-6.5. Conditional plastic film mulching or drip irrigation is an effective measure to prevent cracking. Spraying 20-25×10-6ba+10×10-62, 4-D +0.2% Tween +0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or citrus anti-cracking agent can reduce fruit cracking. Orchard planning requires deep (60㎝) and fertile soil; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities. In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions. The time is usually planted after the autumn shoots mature in September-165438+10 or before the spring shoots germinate in February-March. The planting density is 3m× 4m, and 55-60 plants are planted per mu. Planting technology: digging planting holes with soil: pulling wires at certain intervals, digging planting holes with a depth of 80cm and a width of 80 cm, then pressing green manure with a depth of 50cm and backfilling soil with a height of 40cm for planting; Ridge planting: 8 meters, 60-80㎝ wide and 40-60cm deep, with 2 ridges per grid (width 1.5m, center distance 4m, height 20-30cm). When planting, the roots of seedlings should be trimmed appropriately, placed in the center of the planting hole, stretched and righted, and the seedlings should be gently lifted upward while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil. Water the roots, make a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, and cover it with chaff. Soil, fertilizer and water management Soil management should do a good job in digging holes and solidifying soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard. Fertilizer and water management (1) Fertilization principle: We should fully meet the demand of blood orange for various nutrient elements, advocate applying more organic fertilizers, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided. (2) Fertilization methods: mainly soil fertilization and foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted. (3) Fertilization of young trees: apply less fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn when bamboo shoots emerge, (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February, and apply 0.4 kg ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 kg urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer. (4) Moisture: Irrigation when soil is dry, and drainage when water accumulates. Plastic trimming 1, principle. Adjust measures to local conditions, prune trees, properly raise and lower them, and ventilate and transmit light to achieve three-dimensional effect. 2, plastic surgery (natural and happy appearance). The trunk is 20-40cm high, and the trunk branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are left on each main branch. Generally, after the third main branch is formed, the central trunk of this kind is cut off and twisted to one side to form a fruiting branch group. Step 3 trim. (1) Young trees: mainly light pruning. After selecting the extension branches of the class center and the main branches and the extension branches of the auxiliary main branches, moderate or even severe pruning is carried out, and the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted according to the pruning degree and the direction of cutting buds. In addition to properly thinning the over-dense branches, the inner branches and weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained. (2) Initial fruiting stage: continue to select short cutting to treat the trunk extension branches at all levels, erase the summer shoots, and promote the autumn shoots to be robust. In autumn, measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are taken to promote the flowering of Wangshu. (3) Full-fruiting period: the fruiting branches, falling branches and declining branches are retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect branches are cut off. Pests and diseases control anthracnose, strengthen cultivation management and prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; In spring and summer, before new shoots germinate and fruits mature, mancozeb, cupric acid, zineb and chlorothalonil can be sprayed on the crown every 15 days for 3-4 times continuously. Drain rotten feet in time, improve the lighting and ventilation conditions in the park, and strengthen the prevention and control of trunk pests such as longicorn beetles; Selecting disease-resistant rootstocks such as Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Orange and tangerine, and replacing infected plants with disease-resistant rootstocks. Drug prevention: apply drugs after scraping the diseased spots. Commonly used drugs are carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl. Mites (citrus red spider, four-spotted yellow spider rust tick). Before and after flowering (March-May) and autumn (9-165438+1October) are the key periods for controlling red spider: the population density reaches 1-2 heads/leaf before flowering, and it needs to be controlled after flowering and when it reaches 5-6 heads/leaf in autumn. The main periods of controlling rust lice are spring shoot sprouting, young fruit and fruit expansion: rust color appeared on the back of spring shoot leaves in that year; When the insect population density on leaves or fruits reaches 2-3 heads per leaf, control it immediately. Commonly used pesticides are hexythiazox, propargite, bromopropyl ester, chlormeuron and so on. Pay attention to the protection of natural enemies, such as bearded mites, blunt mites, mite-eating ladybugs, Japanese beetles, lacewings, etc. Scale (scale, scale, scale, etc. ). The key period of drug control: the first generation nymph stage of scale insects, the damage stage of a large number of terminal branches in the larval stage of scale insects (usually from early May to mid-June), and the peak period of scale insects. Commonly used drugs include buprofezin, methidathion, matrine+nicotine, levobuprofezin, oil emulsion and so on. Pay attention to improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the park; Protect and utilize natural enemies such as Japanese square beetles, red-lipped ladybugs, lacewings, golden aphids, Australian ladybugs and red ladybugs. The damage rate of aphid buds is 25%, which should be sprayed immediately. Commonly used pesticides include chlordimeform, dimethoate and butachlor. Attention should be paid to the protection of ladybugs, Chrysopa grandis, Syrphidae, Aphididae, etc. Cut off the overwintering eggs and reduce the number of pests. The key period for the control of liriomyza sativae is the shoot emergence period in summer and autumn (the first half of July). Wipe off the scattered new shoots in summer and autumn in time, and combine fertilizer and water management to promote the healthy and tidy new shoots of plants. Chemical control: spray new shoots every 7- 1-2cm for 2-3 times continuously. Commonly used pesticides are avermectin, cartap and cypermethrin. Taking Anoplophora glabripennis as an example, the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora glabripennis were killed artificially at noon on sunny days, and the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis were killed in the evening; Remove eggs and newly hatched larvae in time and cut off damaged branches; Soak pesticides such as dimethoate in cotton or cotton yarn, then block the wormhole, and then seal the wormhole with soil to poison the larvae. When sprout maggots appear, they are selected and mixed with fine soil, and then sprinkled on the soil surface of the tree tray once every 7 days for 2-3 times in a row; When the diameter of the bud is 2-3mm (white), spraying phosphorus and trichlorfon on the crown; Remove the damaged flower buds as soon as possible, and concentrate or boil them deeply; Deep digging in the garden soil in winter can kill some overwintering pests pupae. According to the maturity, use and market demand of citrus fruits, the fruit harvest is decided. It is not suitable to pick fruits in rainy days and when the dew on the fruit surface is not dry. People who pick fruit should wear gloves, cut the fruit together with the fruit handle with a round-headed fruit scissors, then cut the fruit pedicle flat and handle it gently. Pick fruits from outside to inside and from top to bottom. The inner wall of all fruit containers should be smooth, and the harvested fruits should be transported to the packaging yard or storage warehouse in time. Avoid sun and rain.