Suppose that a hair has a diameter of 0.05 mm and is cut into 50,000 pieces on average along the axial direction, and the thickness of each piece is about 1nm. In other words, 1 nm is 0.00000 1 mm. Nanoscience and technology, sometimes called nanotechnology, is to study the properties and applications of materials with structural dimensions ranging from1to 100 nm.

The development of nanotechnology has led to many new disciplines related to nanotechnology. There are nano medicine, nano chemistry, nano electronics, nano materials, nano biology and so on. Scientists all over the world know the importance of nanotechnology to the development of science and technology, so all countries in the world spend a lot of money to develop nanotechnology in an attempt to seize the strategic highland in the field of nanotechnology.

The main differences between nanotechnology and microelectronics are: nanotechnology studies the realization of specific functions by controlling a single atom and molecule, and it works by using the fluctuation of electrons; Microelectronics technology mainly realizes its function by controlling the population of electrons and works by using the particle nature of electrons. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire micro-world.