1, short cut: It is mainly to cut off a part of the annual branches of 1 and leave a part, which is called short cut. According to the degree of cutting, it can be generally divided into four types: light cutting, medium cutting, heavy cutting and extremely heavy cutting. Light-cutting and short-cutting, because the buds at the incision are not full enough, the tip advantage is weakened, the germination rate of buds is improved, and there are more medium and short branches that germinate. Medium-short cutting refers to cutting in the middle of branches and leaving full buds under the incision. The top advantage of medium and short cutting branches will move down, which will strengthen the vitality of the cut buds, so the ability to form branches is high and the growth potential is strong. Heavy and short cutting refers to cutting off most branches, leaving sub-full buds at the base of the cut branches. Generally, only 1 ~ 2 medium cuttings can germinate. Lifting refers to cutting short piles at the root of branches. Cutting can promote the production of 1 ~ 2 short branches from basal buds or secondary buds, which is beneficial to the culture of fruit-bearing branches.

2. Retraction: also known as shrinkage shear. It is usually carried out on perennial branches or branches. Perennial branch or branch group retraction is mainly used to change branch angle, promote local or whole regeneration, weaken local branch growth, promote local branch growth potential, increase branch density, promote weak tree flowering, reduce nutrient consumption of big branches and improve fruit setting rate.

3. Thinning: Thinning refers to cutting or sawing 1 annual or perennial branches from the base. Thinning will leave a wound on the mother branch, so it weakens the bud or branch above the incision, but promotes the branch below the incision. Thinning branches can improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, and regulate nutrient accumulation of inner or lower branches of crown. In some cases, it can reduce nutrient consumption, concentrate nutrition and promote flower bud formation, especially for plants or varieties with vigorous growth, thinning is more conducive to flower bud formation than short cutting.

4. Slow release: also known as long release, it means that 1 annual branches grow naturally without pruning. Slow release is generally applied to the auxiliary branches of young trees. The terminal buds of longer vegetative branches are often underdeveloped, which in turn weakens the advantages of the terminal branches and promotes the improvement of germination ability. Slow release is easy to form leaf branches and short branches, which lays a good foundation for early fruiting, high and stable yield. However, the slow release of upright branches, competitive branches and long branches should be combined with branch pulling to control the top advantage and achieve the purpose of slow growth and promoting flower buds.

5, bud carving: also known as eye injury. That is, about 0.5 cm above the bud, pull it horizontally with a knife or hacksaw until it reaches the xylem. Its main function is to promote bud germination and increase the proportion of medium and short branches. The germination time should be 20 days before germination, and the ideal effect can not be achieved too early or too late. Bud carving is mainly used to shape young trees, promote the bare part of the crown to branch, and increase the number of branches.

6. Pruning: Pruning is a measure to soften the upright golden mean branches into flowers after the sap flows. The method is to press the thumb on the branches, so that the branches have a certain radian, and gradually draw outward from the base to the top, which can effectively improve the germination of branches, promote short and medium branches and promote the formation of flower buds.

7. Holding the branch: Hold the new branch with your hand, slowly press the thumb down, and the index finger and middle finger are upward until you can feel the slight fracture of the xylem when bending. Strong and competitive shoots that grow vertically on the crown can be picked in July to August when there is room for preservation. For those with coarse growth and strong growth potential, new shoots should be drawn several times continuously to make the new shoots grow flat and oblique. The function and effect of holding the tip is the same as that of smoothing the branches.

8. girdling and girdling: girdling means girdling, which is a measure to strip the epithelial layer of branches. Mainly used for apples and pears. Ring cutting, that is, ring cutting, is to cross branches to xylem with one or more circular knives. Circumcision and circumcision destroyed the normal nutrient exchange between the upper and lower parts of the tree. The growth of roots temporarily stopped, and finally the absorption of roots weakened. At the same time, preventing nutrients from being transported downward can temporarily increase the accumulation of carbohydrates above girdling and girdling, and reduce the content of auxin, thus inhibiting the vegetative growth of new shoots in that year, promoting reproductive growth, facilitating the formation of flower buds and improving the fruit setting rate. According to the function and purpose of girdling, it can be divided into spring and summer. The first girdling from before flowering to 10 day after flowering in spring can inhibit the growth of new shoots and improve the fruit setting rate; The second girdling and girdling from late May to mid-late June can inhibit vegetative growth and promote flower bud differentiation. The effect of girdling and girdling in this period is the best, and it has special effects on some Marshal apple varieties that are difficult to bloom.