Key points of cultivation techniques of Ficus carica (1998). Build the garden: 1. The roots of Ficus carica are in danger of rotting and dying after being flooded for three days in rainy season, but if the bottom of the border is not white in summer, it will be more conducive to growth, so we should choose a garden site with good irrigation and drainage. 2. Plantar fertilization: decompose organic matter 100 tons per mu. Combined with fertilization, the air permeability of soil should be improved as much as possible. Figs are not suitable for continuous cropping, so gardens cannot be built where figs (or seedlings) have been planted. In addition, the roots, leaves, stems and fruits of fig will have autotoxicity for many years after decay, which obviously inhibits growth. Therefore, in the rainy areas in the south (areas without deep ditch reconstruction before planting), it is suggested to eliminate the old gardens and rebuild new ones in different places after planting for 6-8 years. 2. Planting density: the planting spacing is 0.8- 1.8m× 1.8-2m. It is estimated that the cost will be recovered in the current year and the goal of high and stable yield will be achieved in the next year. 3. Rational fertilization: organic fertilizer should be selected as the base fertilizer, and the principle of coordinated application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium is adopted. Organic manure (such as chicken manure), which accounts for 70% of the annual fertilization, was applied to the border near the roots in June+February, 5438, and the soil was covered in combination with ditch cleaning. Topdressing: control the dosage according to the actual growth situation. At the end of March, ammonium bicarbonate should be applied, urea should be applied in May, ternary compound fertilizer should be applied in early June, and 60-70kg of quicklime should be applied every other year. Chase potassium sulfate or superphosphate or plant ash once in September. After July, it is necessary not only to strictly control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, but also to pay attention to the inability to irrigate thoroughly after a long drought, otherwise it will cause bad consequences such as fruit cracking, poor quality and excessive growth in the later period. Four, pruning points: 1, fixed stem: no matter which plastic way, only one trunk is left. The three main branches are separated at 40-60 cm. For the heart shape, the single fist shape is 50-70 cm, the zigzag shape is 60-80 cm, and the X shape is 0.80- 1.5 m. In the first year, it is necessary to erect frames or poles to ensure the upright position; Branches are tied at 45 -70 degrees. 2. Attention should be paid to summer pruning: according to different shaping methods and the size of growth space, the number of buds should be adjusted reasonably, and excess buds should be erased as soon as possible. 6-24 fruiting branches are reserved for boxing type and happy type, and no topping is needed before August. X-shaped and linear tips are selected in the wrong direction according to the main branch spacing 15-20 cm, and the X-shaped base should be slightly thinner; Leave 5-7 leaves for topping (coring) once for new shoots, and topping again in mid-August; Clear the secondary branch as soon as possible; To promote the expansion of the fruit. All young fruits and lateral buds born after the end of August should be picked as soon as possible. 3. Pruning in winter: The first pruning method of trunk (most suitable for bagging and heat preservation in cold areas in winter) is most suitable for planting with a high density of 0.8 *1.8m. When pruning in winter, about 8-30 buds are left at the base of branch tips about 20 cm above the upper end of trunk (young trees are easy to sprout without buds), and others are cut off from the base. Happy three-main-branch type leaves only 20-30 cm for three branches in the first year, 20-40 cm for main branches in subsequent stages, and only 1-3 buds for each main branch in winter cutting. In the first year of the X-shape, four branches with a length of 30-60 cm are left, which are uniformly bound in four directions at 45 degrees to the parallel plane of the ground, and then the length of the branches is determined according to the spatial growth. Leave a bud in the direction of 15-20 cm. A Chinese character (this pruning method is widely used in Japan) only has two branches, which are distributed in the same direction in the boundary row and tied 45 degrees parallel to the ground. The cutting length is determined according to the specific growth space, and the reserved bud quantity is selected to leave one bud in the wrong direction every 15cm. 5. Adjustment of maturity: greenhouse cultivation and ripening are the main methods, and the combination of them is better. In foreign countries, it is very common to use greenhouse for heat preservation cultivation. Heat preservation in greenhouse promotes early maturity, which not only prolongs the selling period of fruits, but also increases the rate of spring fruits and the yield. Generally, before the frost comes at the beginning of 1 1, the film is covered and insulated, and the film is removed at the beginning of May of the following year. Reasonable ripening not only ripens early, but also obviously increases the yield, and also has the advantage of mass mature sales as planned. There are three common ripening methods: 1. Grease: Apply vegetable oil (such as edible rapeseed oil) to the fruit hole at the top of the fruit. Be careful not to pollute the peel because of too much oil or carelessness. 2. Ethephon: spray the top of the fruit with 800- 1500 times liquid. Pay attention to the higher the temperature, the lower the concentration of the liquid medicine, and avoid spraying it to the end of the fruit handle. Gibberellin (A3): Spray the fruit flour with 15-20mg/L, and pay attention to adjust the concentration according to the temperature. It ripens in 5- 15 days after the three ripening methods, and the higher the temperature, the faster the ripening. Note: the maturity time must be strictly controlled within 15 days earlier than the normal maturity. The empirical method is to accelerate only the bottom 1-2 fruits per branch at a time. The consequence of premature ripening is that the quality of light meat will decline, and the pulp of heavy meat will be dry and immature, wither and fall off. 6. Utilization of immature fruits: 1. Medicine: directly slice and dry in the sun (dry), or soak in boiling water for a few seconds to "inactivate the enzyme", and then repeatedly sun or dry in the sun to obtain the finished Chinese medicine. 2. Processing: Zhejiang has successfully processed various beverages, jams, potato chips and preserved fruits. The preserved fruit processed by ourselves is also relatively successful. The specific technology can refer to the processing method of candied dates. Seven, disease prevention and control: epidemic rot is the main object of prevention and control, and must be prevented before the disease occurs. Other diseases such as white rot can also be treated at the same time. Physical prevention and control measures are: 1. When planting, it is best to have deep furrows and high ridges, and drain water in time in rainy season to avoid rain. 2. Plastic film mulching can obviously improve root activity and control weeds. 3. Controlled application of nitrogen fertilizer. 4, found that the source of burning in time. 5. Cut off the branches that are too dense, drooping and have pests and diseases as soon as possible to ensure ventilation and light transmission. Chemical control method: disinfect the whole garden with 3-5 degree sulfur mixture at the beginning of spring germination, and spray it in time after rainy or windy weather in the mildew season with high temperature and rain. Generally, the Bordeaux mixture of lime, copper sulfate and water is sprayed three or four times every 1:2:200. Eight, pest control: 1, bird damage: bird nets can be fortified. 2. Apriona germari: capture the adult artificially from June to September, and check the sunny surface of the new shoot base 10 cm in time. When adults lay eggs, they need to bite the skin block about 1, which is 2 cm long, 0.6 cm wide and 0.3 cm deep. If the egg is laid in the middle, it can be taken out early with a screwdriver or wire. When the egg is too deep, you can insert a cotton swab that kills beetles into the bottom. 3. Scarab: You can use discarded fresh fruit and poison to trap and kill. 4. Ant: At the root of the trunk, you can draw a circle with a cockroach god. 9. Anti-freezing method of young trees in cold areas: The more nutrients accumulated by trees, the stronger their cold resistance. The main measures are as follows: more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in the late growth stage, young fruits and branches planted after the beginning of August should be picked off as soon as possible, and topping should be repeated, and paclobutrazol should be sprayed to control new shoots in the late growth stage. In winter, the trunk should be covered with grass, sealed with plastic bags, coated with lime, ridged and covered with plastic film, so as to make the trunk absorb enough water before freezing.