Hongfeng planting method
1. Soil selection: the requirements for soil are not strict, and it can adapt to the range of soil pH 5.5 ~ 7.5, so it can grow in slightly acidic soil, neutral soil and calcareous soil, and is suitable for growing in fertile, humus-rich acidic or neutral sandy loam.
2. Water management: Red maple likes to be wet during its growth, but it should not be watered too much except in summer, so it is best to keep the basin soil moist often, which is conducive to keeping the tree graceful.
3, lighting management: Hongfeng likes warmth, and can accept enough sunshine in spring and autumn. After summer, you should move to a semi-shady place to avoid direct sunlight at noon. When it is dry and high temperature, it should be properly sprayed with water to cool and humidify.
4. temperature control: although Hongfeng likes warmth, it is still relatively cold-resistant. In the Yellow River basin, the temperature is as low as -20℃ in winter, but as long as the environment is good, it can still overwinter in the open air. As for the north of the Yellow River, potted plants should be used, and it is advisable to go indoors in winter.
5. Timely fertilization: Hongfeng applies 1 times pancake fertilizer every month from May to August every year, and changes to liquid fertilizer mainly based on potassium fertilizer, such as 1% potassium sulfate solution or plant ash leachate, to make the leaves bright red.
6, pest control
(1) Underground pests, such as grubs and crickets, eat the base and stem of seedlings, which is easy to cause seedling death. The roots can be watered with Loeb 1000 times solution or 50% phoxim EC 1000 ~ 1200 times solution.
(2) Pests that eat branches and leaves, such as scarabs, moths and aphids, often eat the leaves of Japanese red maple, resulting in poor seedling growth. Aphids and scarab adults can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid powder 1200 ~ 1500 times, and the moth can be controlled with pyrethroid pesticides.
③ Bored pests, such as longicorn beetles and borers, harm the branches of Japanese red maple, causing the seedlings of Japanese red maple to die and even the whole plant to die. During the peak period (June-July), 4.5% beta-cypermethrin1500 ~ 2,000 times solution can be sprayed on the tree crown every half month or twice, or dichlorvos can be injected on the branches where insects meet.
④ Diseases include brown spot, powdery mildew and rust. There are few diseases and pests of Japanese red maple. From May to June every year, Japanese red maple with a trunk diameter of more than 3 cm is often infected by fungi. Symptoms are curly and white tips, dark red spots on leaves and perforation after sun exposure. In September, only the veins and petioles are left, even the whole leaves wither, and the tender tips dry up, leaving only branches, and some die after growing leaves in winter and spring.
Method for cultivate maple bonsai
Planting basin
1. Planting: Maple trees should be planted in February-March before spring germination. Prune the branches and roots once before planting, remove half of the old soil, replace it with new soil, and apply rotten bean cakes as base fertilizer at the bottom of the basin. Maple trees like loose, fertile and moist soil and can't grow well on barren land. 2/3 humus soil mixed with 1/3 sand can be planted.
2. Use pot: Maple leaves mostly turn from green to red after first frost in late autumn. Be careful not to use red-green teapot or glazed pottery pot when using pot. Jungle-style maple bonsai can be made of white marble or marble shallow pots, and the pot soil can be processed into uneven natural Shan Ye shapes. If you put a few tortoise shells or Yingde stones in the appropriate parts of the basin surface, and then decorate a few small ornaments of figures or animals, the life breath of bonsai will be more intense.
maintenance management
1. Location: Maple likes a cool environment and avoids strong direct sunlight. Therefore, bonsai should be maintained under shade shed or other trees. If placed under strong light or on the balcony, scorched leaves often appear. Due to poor indoor ventilation, maple bonsai should not be placed indoors for more than a week, otherwise it is not conducive to growth. In winter in the north, the maple bonsai will be moved into the low-temperature room. In the south, as long as the pots and pans are buried in the leeward and sunny soil, they can survive the winter safely.
2. Watering: The maple leaves are big and the water evaporates quickly. Water often during the growing period. When the weather is hot, you should always sprinkle water on the ground to keep the microclimate moist. In winter, when maple trees enter dormancy, they should be watered less, as long as the soil in the basin is wet.
3. Fertilization: Before the maple tree germinates in spring and when its leaves are on display, the decomposed rare organic liquid fertilizer should be applied once each, but it is not suitable for rainy days, and the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied once each from August to September, and it is not suitable for winter dormancy.
4. Shaping: Maple trees have strong germination ability and often sprout new buds on the trunk. All buds and branches that are not needed for modeling should be cut off in time, which can not only preserve nutrition, but also facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The best viewing period of maple is when New Ye Gang is released. If all the leaves are removed at the end of summer and the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer is applied again, new leaves will grow in about 20 days, adding an optimal viewing period.
5. Disease prevention: Common diseases of maple include brown spot and powdery mildew. When the disease occurs, 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed 800 ~ 1000 times, every 10 ~ 15 days, and sprayed continuously for 2 ~ 3 times. The main pests are yellow thorn moth and Anoplophora glabripennis. The control of yellow thorn moth is generally concentrated in late autumn to early spring, and the pupae are dug by digging the soil, or 50% triazophos emulsion 1000 times is sprayed in the early stage of larval occurrence. Anoplophora glabripennis can spray 150 times of 50% chlorpyrifos EC on tree trunk larvae and eggs and larvae that have not yet eaten xylem, cut severely damaged young trees from the base and burn them centrally, or inject 100 ~ 200 times of 40% dimethoate EC into the cavity, and then block the hole with soil, with good results.
Propagation techniques of Acer truncatum
1. Cutting propagation: Red maple can be propagated by cutting, especially when making small bonsai or potted plants. Logging is usually carried out in the rainy season from June to July. Choose the year's principal to cut about 20 cm, quickly dip in 1000ppm of naphthalene acetic acid powder, insert it into the matrix of vermiculite or perlite and pond mud, pay attention to shading, and spray water for moisturizing in the future, about 65438 ppm. 2-year-old branches can also take root with high survival rate if there is full light spraying condition. Shading should be done after transplantation, and after half a month, sunlight can be gradually accepted, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened.
2. Sowing propagation: Acer truncatum seeds have no dormancy and can be sowed in autumn or spring. Now mainly introduce spring sowing. The suitable sowing period is from mid-March to mid-April. Before sowing, the seeds were mixed with wet sand at the ratio of 1: 3 and stored in low temperature sand at 3 ~ 5℃ for one month. Check and manage them regularly during layering. If there are germinated seeds, sow them in time. When sowing, water the bottom of the bed first, and then sow after the water has infiltrated. The sowing amount is about 200 grains per square meter. After sowing, cover with 0.5 cm fine soil to keep soil moisture, raise ground temperature, and make the seeds germinate in advance and orderly, and cover with plastic film or small arch shed. The arch shed should be ventilated, and the temperature should be properly shaded at noon. Generally, seedlings will emerge in about 20 days after sowing15.
3. Grafting propagation: Red maple can be propagated by grafting method, and 2-4-year-old Acer truncatum seedlings are used as rootstocks. Cutting should be carried out in March-April, and the height of rootstock can be determined as required. Docking in rainy season from May to June, and cutting after defoliation in autumn. This method is only used for a few rare varieties. Bud grafting is the most common application, the best time is from late May to late June and from late August to late September after autumn, and early summer is the peak of branch growth. Full buds on sunny short branches of Hongfeng are used as grafting buds, petiole 1 cm. The temperature is getting higher and higher after grafting. Although the grafting is wrapped with plastic tape, the buds and petioles are still exposed. In addition, red maple has thin cortex and small grafted buds. Therefore, it should be sprayed regularly after pressing to improve the survival rate. The method of budding after autumn is basically the same. After a week of grafting, if the petiole falls off as soon as it touches, it means it has survived, otherwise it will be patched.
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