2. Decompression and bone grafting of femoral head by drilling holes: several small tunnels are drilled in the femoral neck and femoral head through the lateral incision of hip joint to reduce the pressure in the femoral head. It is suitable for the early stage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, with intact femoral head shape and no subchondral bone collapse. Avoid bearing weight for 3 months after operation, and some patients can get a certain degree of symptom relief after operation, but the long-term effect is not good, and the femoral head can still collapse and deform.
3. Free fibula transplantation with vascular pedicle: it refers to cutting off the fibula outside the calf together with its superior blood vessels, implanting the fibula through the tunnel of the femoral head and neck, and anastomosing the blood vessels to provide blood supply. It is suitable for young patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head. The collapse of femoral head can be avoided for a period of time, but the disadvantage is that it increases the trauma of lower limbs and the surgical trauma is large, which can not completely avoid the collapse and deformation of femoral head.
4. Transtrochanteric osteotomy: the femoral neck is completely interrupted from its base, and the proximal end of the osteotomy block is rotated to make the ischemic necrosis of the femoral head leave the area with heavy load, so that the relatively normal part is loaded, and then fixed with steel plates and screws. It is suitable for patients with ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. The disadvantage is that there is a risk of nonunion at the osteotomy site, and there is no load for 2-3 months after operation, which can not completely avoid the collapse of the necrotic area.
5, hip fusion: refers to the complete removal of cartilage in the hip joint, bone and bone fusion together, fixed with steel plates and screws. Because of the great loss of hip joint function after operation and the risk of nonunion, it is rarely used now.
6. Tantalum metal rod implantation: a special tantalum metal rod implant is implanted into the femoral head through the femoral neck to support the femoral head that is about to collapse, which is suitable for patients with good femoral head shape. A relatively complete appearance of the femoral head can be obtained in several months to several years. The disadvantage is that it is expensive and can't avoid the collapse of the femoral head, which increases the difficulty of the follow-up operation.
7. Total hip replacement: It is suitable for patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head who are ineffective in conservative treatment. Surgical treatment has good effect, complete remission after operation and good hip function, which has become the main method for clinical treatment of femoral head necrosis. The mature surgical technique, positive effect and high success rate are the gold standard of clinical treatment.