Dig a planting pond before planting and decide according to the size of the seedlings. For seedlings less than 2 years old, just dig 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep, and apply 3 kg of organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer (farmyard manure needs to be decomposed) or compound fertilizer (must be potassium sulfate type) with three contents 15 or 17. To plant 3 14-year-old seedlings, it is necessary to dig 60-80 cm wide and 40-50 cm deep, and apply 4-5 kg organic fertilizer to each plant.

When planting, the seedlings should be placed flat in the holes to let the roots of the seedlings stretch naturally. In the process of planting, the seedlings should be slightly lifted to completely connect the roots with the soil, and then the planting depth can be increased by 5 cm compared with the original seedling depth. When fertilizing, the fertilizer should be applied around the upper part of the root, not directly butted with the root, and some soil should be filled before fertilizing.

Second, the garden choice

To build a garden, first choose a plot or field with sunny, leeward, no waterlogging, water conservancy conditions and far away from pollution sources. The soil depth is 40 cm and the soil ph value is 6-8.

Third, time and planting density.

The suitable planting time is165438+1the end of October-65438+the end of February, the planting density is 3 plants, the row spacing is 3 meters, and 74 plants are planted per mu.

Cultivation of potted cherry trees

First, potted plants

1, container selection: The container of big cherry cultivation has good air permeability and no toxic effect on the root system. Burning pots and wooden barrels have the best effect, followed by purple sand pots and plastic pots, and enamel is the worst, because big cherries are not easy to survive after being put into pots.

2. Pot soil preparation: The root system of big cherry has strong respiration and large oxygen consumption. Soil requires high permeability, especially sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer. The ratio of nutrient soil is peat soil: manure: sand =5:3:2.

3. Selection of seedlings: Tree species with strong growth, full branches and buds, developed roots and no diseases and insect pests should be selected for the cultivation of big cherry seedlings, and small perennial trees should have short stems, reasonable branches distribution and large cutting degree between branches.

4. Pot planting time: The pot planting time of big cherry is mostly in early spring. Before potted plants, damaged roots and branches should be pruned to expose new stubble, and the parts with pests and diseases should be cut off. Secondly, check the drain hole of the container to keep the container drained smoothly.

5. Potting method: Invert a tile on the drainage hole, then spread a layer of furnace ash slag about 20 cm, fill it with nutrient soil, and finally put the seedlings. After 2-3 times of seedling raising and soil compaction, the soil surface is about 5 cm away from the mouth of the container.

Second, cultivation management.

1, fertilizer and water management: Big cherry should be watered frequently when there are many branches and leaves and the temperature is high, otherwise the soil will be too dry, which will affect its growth, flowering and fruiting. Fertilization should master the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently. From spring to autumn, it is generally required to apply decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer every 10 ~ 15 days. In autumn, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution should be sprayed 2 ~ 3 times to promote plant growth and flower bud differentiation.

2. Heat preservation and moisture retention: Big cherries are cold-resistant, and plastic film greenhouses can be used for cold protection in cold regions. Keeping the temperature at about 25℃ during the fruit-setting period and the humidity at 50% ~ 60% during the growth period is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and increase the yield. If there is freezing injury in the local area, potted cherries must be kept warm and moist.

3. Flower and fruit management: The flower and fruit thinning of big cherry is the key point of flower and fruit management, and bud thinning is stronger than flower thinning, and flower thinning is stronger than fruit thinning. There are a large number of flower buds in the tree, and some flower buds are thinned out in bud stage. The operation method is that the flower buds of 1/3 ~ 1/4 are neglected on the cluster-like fruiting branches, and cross-pollination is carried out at the flowering stage. When the fruit grows to the size of soybean, the heteromorphic fruit is neglected.

4, shaping and pruning: the top bud of the big cherry and the central bud of the fruiting branch group of the flower cluster are leaf buds. Flower buds are pure flower buds, mainly axillary buds and bouquets. Axillary buds are usually planted at the base of 1 annual branches, and attention should be paid to the position of flower buds when pruning. Pruning is mainly in summer, supplemented by pruning in winter.

① Winter pruning: Winter pruning is mainly to adjust the tree type and balance the tree potential. Mainly remove competitive branches, upper branches, strong branches and slender branches. Elongated branches are cut short, resulting in branch retraction.

② Summer pruning: The purpose of summer pruning is to keep the tree shape, promote flowers and protect fruits. Cut off the competing branches and back branches. Pick the core when the branch grows to 15 ~ 20cm. Generally completed before July, 1 year is no more than twice. Around September, when the branches have just reached the peak, flatten them.