Tomato (scientific name: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ), also known as tomato, is an annual or perennial herb of Solanaceae. It is 0.6-2 meters high, covered with mucilaginous glands, with strong smell, easily lodging stems, pinnately compound leaves or pinnately parted leaves, and the total peduncle of the inflorescence is 2-5 cm long, often with 3-7 flowers, with radial calyx and corolla.
Tomatoes are native to South America and are widely cultivated in the north and south of China. Tomato fruit is rich in nutrition and unique in flavor. Can be eaten raw, cooked, processed tomato sauce, juice or whole fruit.
breeding method
make soil preparation
To prepare nutrient soil according to a certain proportion, the porosity of nutrient soil should be about 60% and the pH should be 6-7. It contains available phosphorus 100mg/kg or more, available potassium 100mg/kg or more, and available nitrogen 150mg/kg, which is loose, fertilizer-and water-retaining, and has comprehensive nutrition. Spread the prepared nutrient soil evenly on the seedbed (thickness 10 cm) or seedling tray.
seed treatment
Soak the seeds in warm soup, that is, soak the seeds in clear water for 1-2 hours, then take out the seeds and put them in hot water at 55 degrees Celsius, keep the water temperature uniform for 15 minutes, and continue to soak the seeds for 3-4 hours. When soaking seeds in warm soup, it is generally a seed with two waters; Stir constantly and quickly to make the seeds evenly heated to avoid scalding the seeds; The third is to continuously heat the water and keep the water temperature at 55 degrees Celsius. Can prevent diseases such as leaf mold, canker and early blight.
Soak the seeds with trisodium phosphate, that is, soak the seeds with clear water for 3-4 hours, take them out and drain them, then soak them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, then take them out and wash them. This method has obvious effect on tomato virus disease.
Seeds can be planted directly after treatment, but it is best to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, seeds that are usually not treated with chemicals need to be soaked in warm water for 6-8 hours to make the seeds fully expand, and then placed in an environment of 25-28 degrees Celsius for 2-3 days. Seeds soaked in chemicals can germinate directly by washing with clear water. In the process of accelerating germination, it is necessary to provide suitable temperature, moisture and air. Therefore, it is necessary to check and turn the seeds frequently to make them loose, and wash them with clean water 1-2 times a day to update the air and keep the humidity. It is best to use a thermostat to accelerate germination. After the seeds germinate, the seedlings emerge quickly and neatly after sowing, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings.
Slow freezing to accelerate germination: freeze potato tubers, then slowly thaw, then squeeze juice, and thaw tomato seeds in potato juice overnight. The next day, dip the thick cloth without fluff in the juice, loosely put the soaked seeds on it, then cover it with polyethylene film to avoid drying, but keep it ventilated and then put it in a warm place (don't heat it). After the seeds germinate, they are inserted into the soil to raise seedlings, and this acceleration is adopted.
Sowing mode
Sowing amount: Generally, tomato seeds contain about 300 seeds per gram. According to the planting density, the dosage of seeds per 667 square meters is generally 20-30 grams. Each square meter of seedbed can sow 10- 15g. If the germination rate of seeds is lower than 85%, the sowing amount should be increased appropriately.
Sowing date: according to the planting season, climate conditions, cultivation methods, seedling facilities and other factors, determine the appropriate sowing date. For example, in spring open cultivation, Beijing usually sows seedlings from mid-February to early March. Planting in the open field in autumn, such as Shanghai and Nanjing in the south of the Yangtze River, has the best effect from late July to early August; However, the yield of sowing in early July in eastern Sichuan is higher. The output is also high. In some areas where tomato diseases occur seriously, higher yield can also be obtained by appropriately delaying sowing date 1-2 months, and then taking measures such as close planting, early coring and increasing fertilizer and water.
Sowing methods: there are usually sowing, drilling and on-demand. Immediately after sowing, cover the soil with sieved fine soil. The covering thickness is about 0.8- 1.0 cm, and the thickness should be consistent. After sowing, 8 grams of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per square meter of seedbed was mixed with fine soil and sprinkled on the bed surface to prevent seedling damping-off. In winter and spring, seedbeds should be covered with plastic film. In summer and autumn, the bed surface of seedbed should be covered with sunshade net or straw. When 70% of seedlings are covered with soil, the cover should be removed.
What if too many growth inhibitors are used on tomato seedlings? Water fresher amine ester spray. I suggest you use the following amino oligosaccharides. The effect of using seedlings is good.
Growth inhibitor: a substance that inhibits the growth of apical meristem, makes plants lose apical advantage and changes their morphology greatly. Also known as growth retardants. Pure substances that inhibit cell proliferation are not toxic, but can stop cells at a specific stage of the cell cycle. This inhibition is reversible.
Growth inhibitor
Growth regulators that inhibit the growth of apical meristem can interfere with the division of apical cells, leading to the stop of stem elongation and the destruction of apical dominance, and its function cannot be restored by gibberellin.
Commonly used growth inhibitors are: triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), plastic, blue element (MH) and so on.
Growth inhibition is often used in tomato seedlings. Usually, you can try to water more, and then neutralize the use of amino oligosaccharides. The effect of using seedlings is good. If the effect is still not obvious, you can consult someone who knows better, and then you can solve the problem that growth inhibition is used too much on tomato seedlings. When planting tomato seedlings at ordinary times, we should pay attention to the methods and do as required to make tomato seedlings grow well, thus reducing the erosion of pests and diseases. Promote the healthy growth of tomato seedlings.