First, the purpose of pruning Chinese roses:
Pruning Chinese rose flowers is not only to shape, but also to promote the formation of more branches and more and bigger flowers. Dead branches, weak branches and old branches must be trimmed, otherwise the flowers will grow smaller and smaller.
In addition, if the rose is not pruned, the branches and leaves will grow too thick, which will affect the ventilation and light transmission between the branches and leaves and easily breed pests and diseases.
Second, the basic knowledge of Chinese rose pruning:
1. pruning opportunities
It's a dormant rose.
A few days before pruning roses, keeping the branches and leaves dry can reduce the moisture in the branches and leaves, which is beneficial to wound healing. (knowledge extension: a few days before changing pots, the pot soil can be slightly dry, which can reduce root damage)
Step 2: Trim the time
Pruning should avoid hot season and rainy season. The best pruning time is after flowering. In winter, choose the coldest time to trim. (Note: Once dead leaves and branches are found, clean them up in time whenever they are found)
Cut off dead branches
When the temperature is the lowest, the rose leaves fall off and are in the state of pruning, and pruning will not cause harm. Keep strong (big and thick) branches.
3. Pruning treatment
Pruning shears (gardening shears) should be sharp, disinfected in advance, and the pruning shears of Chinese roses should be flat to avoid infection with germs.
pay attention to
Cutting position and bud distribution
When pruning, the incision should be inclined to the other side of the bud point, and the incision can be cut flat or slightly inclined.
All leaves and dead branches left on the soil surface are cleaned up to avoid inducing germs and pests.
Third, learn to identify the dormant period of Chinese rose:
Winter pruning of Chinese rose must be carried out in dormancy period. When the temperature is below 0 degrees, the Chinese rose will begin to go into a dormant state. If you want to go into hibernation completely, you have to be at least 2~4 degrees below zero.
If it is in the south, there is no particularly low temperature all the year round, then there is no obvious dormancy period for the rose.
Rose will also recognize the temperature outside, and once the weather gets warmer, it will start to grow; It won't grow at low temperature. If the Chinese rose goes into dormancy, its buds will stop developing and its leaves will become fragile and lose their luster. Even if there are flowers, the petals will gradually become brittle and wither.
Some friends keep some miniature potted roses, and the outdoor temperature is extremely low, such as the northeast, and they will definitely move to the indoor greenhouse. There is more light on the indoor windowsill or balcony, and these roses are still growing in winter.
Fourth, grasp the specific pruning time.
The best time to prune Chinese rose in winter is late spring and early spring, when the frost is coming to an end, and it is also pruned before the bud of Chinese rose germinates.
But I found that many friends can't grasp when the frost will end, so gardening experts will suggest that Chinese rose flowers sleep in the coldest season of the year. At this time, the leaves of the Chinese rose flower basically fell out, the buds began to swell, leaving some old roots at the bottom, and all the hairy roots withered.
Cut off too many branches at the bottom.
During the dormant period, pruning is the least harmful to the rose, because it has entered the dormant state at this time. (If it is a potted miniature rose that is maintained indoors, don't prune it, especially if it has just been bought for a long time. )
The picture above shows cross-branch pruning.
In the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, China, Chinese rose can be pruned in the coldest season all year round, usually in the middle and late period of 1.
North of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, winter comes early. If you prune ahead of time, once there is late spring cold, the pruned part will be frostbitten, and the newly sprouted buds will be frostbitten too early, which will definitely outweigh the benefits. So when pruning, you'd better leave the branches longer.
5. Is it necessary to roll leaves in frost-free places all the year round?
Do friends in the south need to roll leaves to maintain Chinese rose? In the southern region, roses grow all the year round, and some friends want to roll leaves and force roses to sleep.
This is not a random operation. Be sure to do a good job of forcing it to sleep, including controlling watering and keeping the soil dry. During this period, we must cut off the nitrogen fertilizer, do not let the rose sprout new buds, and be sure to leave leaves for it in those days when the temperature is the lowest. If the leaves are rolled too early or too late, it will have an impact.
If you often water it with rain or water, and the ambient temperature is not too low, the rose must not go into dormancy.
But in the south, if the lowest temperature is 5~6 degrees, the daytime temperature is 10~20 degrees. In such an environment, the Chinese rose is definitely unable to enter dormancy, and there is no need to roll its leaves.
6. Do you want to cut the roses again?
The picture above shows a schematic diagram of southern rose pruning.
For the south area, especially the area south of Fujian, the temperature is warm all the year round, so don't prune it, only prune the branches and leaves at the top and some weak branches at the bottom of the rhizome, and keep most of the leaves at the bottom (keep 2/3 of the branches and leaves), because there is no particularly obvious winter in the south area, and the rose will not enter a particularly obvious dormant state.
The above picture is a schematic diagram of trimming.
In the south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, or in the Yangtze River valley, when the Chinese rose is maintained outdoors, it can be re-cut at the lowest temperature in a year. Generally, it is carried out in the middle or late period of 1 or early February, and the temperature is generally around-4~5 degrees.
North of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains, Chinese rose can be cut again, but the time must be chosen. At first, it is suggested to leave more branches. Don't cut the extra branches until they wither.
Seven, lollipop rose pruning
Dressing diagram
In recent years, lollipop roses (tree roses) have also become popular in China. Rosa multiflora is usually used as the rhizome at the bottom of lollipop rose plants. At the top, some beautiful rose varieties were grafted. Generally, Weiyue and shrub roses are grafted, and sometimes some vine roses are grafted.
Before and after pruning
The scion on the lollipop rose is too long, so it must be trimmed properly to keep the proper height. The small branches of scions are generally 40~60 cm long. Let the whole plant have a fuller crown, and these branches will grow side branches next spring. When the flowers bloom in spring, the whole plant will bloom a lot.
Eight, pruning after flowering (spring and autumn)
The above is the schematic diagram of spring and autumn pruning.
Pruning after flowering is mainly concentrated in the spring and autumn season, that is, the growing season of Chinese rose flowers. When it is too hot in summer, such as when the temperature is above 35 degrees, trim it as little as possible.
After-flower pruning of Chinese rose, we must first remove the residual flowers in time. After removing the residual flowers, it can reduce the loss of nutrients and promote the next flowering.
When pruning residual flowers, the top flowers and the second to third leaves at the bottom are usually removed. And some branches that grow very short only need to remove a leaf under the flower, and there is no problem. If the plant grows particularly long, you can cut more leaves, and pruning should also be solved according to the growth state of the plant.
In particular, potted Chinese rose can maintain a complete plant type.
When pruning roses, prune some side branches at the bottom. At the bottom of the rhizome of the rose, some very small branches will grow next to some main roads. Even if these small branches bloom, the flowers are very small, which will affect the appreciation and take away the nutrition, so all these small branches should be cut off.
Cut off some twigs at the bottom in time.
Moreover, the leaves of these twigs at the bottom will grow more, which will affect the ventilation and light transmission of plants and easily breed pests and diseases.
Then, cut off all the branches and leaves that are overgrown or cross-grown in the middle of the plant, and remove some dead branches in time.
Cut off the branches that are too weak, or the flowers will grow smaller and smaller.
The last step is to prune the branches in the middle of the plants. Many friends can't grasp it well. In fact, pruning these branches is not too particular. The key is to make the branches and leaves ventilated and transparent.
Cut off some densely planted branches. If there are not many branches, but they still grow horizontally, you can use some small iron wires or wooden sticks to spread the branches, so that the plants can grow dispersedly, so that there is a gap between the branches and leaves, so that sunlight and wind can penetrate better, which can make the late growth of Chinese rose better and reduce pests and diseases.