There is a Paracas Peninsula 200 kilometers south of Lima, the capital of Peru. The soil on the peninsula is very dry. 1925 Two unknown graves were found in the sand here. Two years later, a big cemetery was found here. This is the later famous Paracas cemetery. So far, 429 mummies have been dug up from graves. However, what surprised scientists recently was not the cultural relics found in the ancient tombs, but the skulls growing on the mummies. Why did the ancient Indians in Paracas lengthen their skulls? How did they do it? What does this long skull represent?

What did the ancient Indians think of to lengthen the child's skull? In Paracas culture, the length of the head is obviously stretched by manual method. When I was a baby, I put boards on my forehead and back of my head and tightened them in a special way. Historians call this method the forehead and the back of the head project, which is how Indians lengthen children's skulls. Interestingly, however, not all people in Paracas want to have this kind of operation, but it is only part of it, but it is not clear according to what criteria to choose.

All I know is that there are no graves of the poor in the cemetery, and all the graves are elites. Some of them, like the Imperial Valley in Thebes, ancient Egypt, are privileged cemeteries, or the people buried here are people of a certain caste similar to priests and monks. If they are priests, they must know something, which is why they are so persistent and bent on changing their heads.

From the point of view of modern medicine, it is not without danger to perform such an operation on a child's skull. Changing the natural shape of the skull will lead to chronic headache, and it will also leave serious problems for a person's psychological and physical development. What did the ancient Indians want? Some researchers put forward their own views that people want to influence various areas of the cerebral cortex by changing the shape of the head, so as to achieve a stable psychological and physiological change. However, this neurophysiological view will only complicate the problem. People can't help asking: Where did the ancients know that they could exert such an influence on the brain? What do they want to change psychologically and physically?

Why is there a hole in the skull of Paracas tomb? It is a fact that the skull is stretched, but this is by no means the only mystery of Paracas cemetery. There is also a strange phenomenon, that is, a large part of the skull has traces of circular saws. Half of Parakas' skull has left traces of surgery, and some have done it not once, but five times, which is almost crazy. Of course, it can also be considered that this is because soldiers have been injured many times in battle and have to undergo surgery again and again, because the most used weapons in ancient times are mallets and sticks.

But judging from the objects buried in the tomb, the representative of Paracas culture is far from a warrior. So some researchers put forward another ingenious theory: there is a special medical center on the peninsula, where doctors have mastered the technology of circular saw, and they can cure diseases such as epilepsy, so patients in Peru come here to see a doctor. Actually, that's not the case at all. As we have said above, the funerals reflected in Paracas tombs are consistent, indicating that there are no outsiders buried here. Besides, if the medical center theory is established, those patients who failed the operation should also be buried in the cemetery, but this is not the case.

Paleontologists can tell from the remains whether the patient survived the circular saw operation. If the operation is successful, the hole in the skull will gradually close and grow a layer of regenerated bone tissue. If there are no signs of healing on the skull, it means that the patient died during or shortly after the operation. In Paracas, more than 80% of skulls have the impression of smooth operation.