Winter jasmine:
Ziming
Scientific name/Latin name: Winter jasmine
English name: winter jasmine
Chinese alias: Winter jasmine, golden belt, string of golden incense, Yunnan Yingchun, Ye Yingchun, evergreen vine shrub, and willow.
Scientific classification
Boundary: plant kingdom/plant kingdom
Gate: Angiosperm Gate/Magnolia Gate
Category: Dicotyledons/Magnoliaceae
Usage: Labiatae/Labiatae
Family: Oleaceae/Oleaceae
Genus: Jasmine/Jasmine.
Brief description
Winter jasmine, also known as golden plum, golden belt and small yellow flower, is a deciduous shrub of Oleaceae. Named after its earliest flowering among hundreds of flowers, it is also called "four friends in the snow" with plum blossom, daffodil and camellia, and is one of the precious flowers in China. Winter jasmine is not only gorgeous in color and extraordinary in temperament, but also has the characteristics of not being afraid of cold, not adapting to local conditions and strong adaptability, and has always been loved by people.
morphological character
Deciduous shrub, slender branches, arched and drooping growth, more than 2m long. The lateral branches are stout, quadrangular and green. The trifoliate compound leaves are opposite, 2-3 cm long, and the leaflets are oval, smooth and entire. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils, with cup-shaped corolla, bright yellow, 6-lobed at the top, or compound leaves. The flowering period lasts for 50 days from March to May.
Ecological habit
Like light, slightly tolerant of shade, slightly cold, afraid of waterlogging, can overwinter in North China and Yanling in the open air, and requires sandy soil with warm and humid climate, loose and fertile soil and good drainage, which grows vigorously in acidic soil and poorly in alkaline soil. The roots germinate vigorously. The landing part of the branch takes root easily.
breeding method
Multipurpose cutting. Select 1 year-old branches, cut them into 15cm long, and irrigate them in the whole seedbed, then they can be cut. You can also dry-cut, that is, cut the whole seedbed and then irrigate it with water. Cutting can be carried out from the middle of 10 of 65438 to the middle of 10 of 65438 or in spring. After rooting, it can be planted alone, divided into plants or propagated in layers.
Cultivation and modeling
Yingchun forms flower buds on the annual branches of/kloc-0, and blooms in the following spring. Therefore, after the flowers wither every year, all the branches should be cut short to promote the growth of more lateral branches, increase the amount of flowers and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water.
Gao Qian's Spring Festival Culture
You can choose water wax seedlings with breast diameter above 2cm, and perform abdominal grafting at 1m or a certain height when they sprout in early spring. Take the branches of Jasminum nudiflorum as scions, with the length of 8- 10 cm, and carry out grafting. Then tie it tightly with a film, wrap it in a plastic bag, and gradually tear the bag after the branches survive, so that they can breathe freely to exercise seedlings, pick their hearts to promote side branches and cultivate crown shapes.
Suitable range
Originated in South China and Southwest Subtropical Region, it is widely cultivated in South China, and can be grown in North China and Henan, and cultivated in Yanling County.
Garden use
The branches droop, and the flowers bloom first and then the leaves in early spring. The flowers are golden yellow and the leaves are green. It should be arranged at the lakeside, stream side, bridge head, corner or lawn, forest edge and slope in the park. It can also be planted around the house for flower viewing in early spring. Flowers, leaves and shoots can be used as medicine.
Distribution of origin
Originated in northern China, mainly distributed in North China, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong and other provinces. Winter jasmine is cold-tolerant, sunny, drought-tolerant but not waterlogged. Propagation is mainly based on branching, layering and cutting. It is often used to decorate flower beds and gardens. It is an important flower and plant in early spring.
Often cultivated everywhere for viewing; It is also distributed in the central and northern provinces of China.
Leaves are used as medicine to reduce swelling and detoxify, and treat swelling, pain, sores and blood stasis; Flowers can relieve fever and diuresis, and treat fever, headache and urinary heat pain. Both leaves and roots contain syringin and geniposide. Reproduction by cutting or layering.
Medicinal value
Alias: Little Yellow Flower, Golden Belt (Qunfang Spectrum), (Yunnan Yearbook), Huangmei (Botanical Dictionary), Qingming Flower (Guizhou Folk Medicine).
Source: Winter jasmine. Jasmine of Oleaceae, whose leaves and flowers are used as medicine. Pick flowers in spring and leaves in summer. Fresh or dry.
Collection: harvesting and drying in February-April.
Sexual taste orientation:
Leaf: bitter, flat.
Flowers: sweet, astringent and flat.
Function indication:
Leaves: detoxification, detumescence, hemostasis and pain relief. Can be used for treating traumatic injury, traumatic hemorrhage, stomatitis, carbuncle and furuncle, and pruritus vulvae.
Flowers: clearing away heat and diuresis, detoxifying. Can be used for treating fever, headache, urinary heat pain, and lower limb ulcer.
Usage and dosage:
Ye: 2 ~ 3 yuan. Apply fresh external products to the affected area or take sitz bath with water decoction.
Flower: 1 ~ 3 yuan. Grind the powder for external use and apply sesame oil to the affected area.
* Excerpt from: National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine.
Propagation cultivation
Cutting is the main method, and layering and ramet propagation can also be used. Cutting can be done in spring, summer and autumn. Semi-lignified branches, with the length of 12- 15 cm, were inserted into sandy soil, kept moist, and took root about 15. Layering: Bury the longer branches in the sand without being scratched, take root after 40-50 days, and transplant them separately from the mother plant in the next spring. The division of plants can be carried out when they sprout in spring. When transplanting in spring, some overground branches should be cut off and lodging soil should be brought. During the growth process, pay attention to the fact that the soil can't accumulate water and be excessively dry, and properly fertilize 2-3 times before and after flowering. Prune and reshape in autumn and winter to keep more new flowers. Pests and diseases often occur leaf spot disease and dead branch disease, and 1500 times of 50% bactericidal wettable powder can be sprayed. Insect pests do great harm to aphids and giant salamander, spraying 50% phoxim EC 1000 times.
Jasminum nudiflorum likes warm and cold, and it can safely overwinter outdoors in Beijing and its south area, whether planted in ground or potted. Only potted plants can be planted in the north of Beijing, and they will be moved to a low greenhouse (5 ~ 10℃) to overwinter at -5℃. The flowering period of the Spring Festival is affected by the temperature, and1opens from south to north from late October to April. If you want to blossom in the Spring Festival, you can move the flower buds into the sunny room at 12 ~ 16℃ 2 ~ 3 weeks before the Spring Festival, and water them for 3 days 1 time, and often spray water on the branches and leaves. If the flowers don't bloom before the Spring Festival 1 week, the room temperature can be raised to 20.
Identify the difference
Yingchun and Forsythia suspensa belong to deciduous shrubs of Oleaceae and are widely cultivated in China. There are many similarities between the two plants. They bloom at the same time, open yellow flowers, bloom first and then grow leaves. So many people can't tell these two plants apart.
In fact, their differences are obvious:
1) The old branches of Yingchun are grayish brown, with quadrangular branchlets, slender, arched and green. Yequan is a trifoliate compound leaf, which grows symmetrically in a cross. The leaves are small, oval, entire, and the apex is narrow and sharp. Flowers are solitary, yellow, tall, disc-shaped, and inserted between the axils of annual branches. Forsythia suspensa branches are round, the branchlets are light brown, the stems are hollow, often drooping, the leaves are large, the shape is rectangular, the upper part is serrated neatly, and the lower part is full. Single leaf or 3 pairs of opposite leaves, in which the top leaf is larger and the two sides are smaller. These flowers are golden yellow with wide petals.
2) The branchlets of Yingchun are green, and those of Forsythia suspensa are dark in color, generally light brown;
3) Each flower of Jasminum nudiflorum has 6 petals, while Forsythia suspensa has only 4 petals;
4) Jasminum nudiflorum rarely bears fruit, while Forsythia suspensa bears fruit.
relevant issues
How can the Spring Festival blossom more?
In the cold wind of early spring, the winter jasmine can blossom clusters of golden florets, such as bright Venus covered with branches, which brings an abundant spring to the indifferent early spring. In early summer, the leaves are lush and the branches are swaying, so they are very beautiful, so they are widely welcomed and cultivated.
The propagation of this kind of flower is relatively easy, and it can be done by dividing plants, layering and cutting. Plant division should be carried out before leaf opening in spring. When its leaves and branches touch the ground, they will produce adventitious roots, so in the growing season, the branches will be pressed into the soil and fixed without being scratched, and generally young branches with strong vitality can be produced. It is also easy to survive by cutting. Just take about 10 cm of semi-lignified shoots, insert them into sand or soil, keep them moist, and take root after 2 weeks. In early spring and rainy season, you can also choose old branches with good posture for cutting. After survival, with a little binding and pruning, it can become an ancient bonsai.
Winter jasmine is vigorous, adaptable, cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, but it is not difficult to cultivate because of its waterlogging and abundant sunshine. However, to achieve the effect of dense flowers, more scientific and reasonable maintenance is needed. First of all, pruning is necessary. Flowers in spring are mostly concentrated on annual branches, and biennial branches bloom less. Therefore, after flowering every year, the flower branches should be cut again, leaving only 3-4 buds at the base and less weak branches. When the new shoots grow to a certain length, they should be picked according to the matching degree between the pot plant size and the plant shape, or repeatedly shortened to promote branching. Generally, it will not be cut short after mid-July, which can inhibit the vigorous growth of new shoots and is conducive to the enrichment of new shoots and the formation of flower buds. Moreover, after many shortcuts, you can avoid long branches and save the trouble of knotting.
Pruning after flowering in spring, applying decomposed cake fertilizer or base fertilizer once, and applying manure once every half month during the growing period. Remember to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later growth stage to promote the branches to be stronger after pruning. Daily management is mainly to keep the soil moist without watering. When the climate is dry, water can be added to increase humidity, and water should be prevented from accumulating in the basin after rain. In summer, when the head of the fierce mouth has high temperature, it is more beneficial to move to the semi-shade. Before and after the Spring Festival, move the flowerpot into the greenhouse or plastic shed, keep the room temperature at about 15℃, and you can see the flowers in about 15 days.
Planting, potted use and maintenance of winter jasmine?
Planting and using flowerpots
Spring Festival is adaptable, light-loving, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, alkali-resistant and afraid of waterlogging. The soil requirement is not high, and it can grow in slightly acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline soils, but it grows best in loose and fertile sandy soil. Planting is usually carried out after flowers wither or in mid-September. If you want to cultivate the root-lifting type, you can raise the root properly when planting, but don't raise it too high at a time, otherwise it will be bad for growth. Since winter jasmine is yellow, light blue, purple and black pots should be chosen when planting, so that the colors of pots and flowers can be coordinated. If cultivated properly, there will be yellow flowers in spring, green leaves in summer and autumn, green vines in winter and spring all year round.
maintenance management
(1) site. During the Spring Festival, those newly planted or changed pots should be watered, kept in the shade for about 10 days, and then placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place; Cure for a week, and then put it in a sunny, well-ventilated and humid place for curing. In winter, the pots planted with spring flowers in the south can survive the winter safely as long as they are buried in the soil in the leeward and sunny places, while in the north, they should be moved indoors when the temperature is low (about 5℃) in early winter. If you want to make the Spring Festival blossom ahead of time, you can move it into a sunny room with moderate or high temperature, such as placing it in the sunny place around 13℃, spraying clean water on the branches and leaves twice a day, and it will bloom in about 20 days. If it is placed indoors in the sunny place at about 20℃, it will bloom in about 10 days. Keep the room temperature at about 8℃ after flowering, and be careful not to let the wind blow directly on it, which can prolong the flowering period. After bloom, the higher the room temperature, the faster the flowers wither.
(2) water. Spring Festival is humid, especially in hot summer. Water it once a day in the morning and properly in the afternoon. In order to keep the environmental humidity low, water should be sprayed on the ground frequently. Yingchun is afraid of water in the basin. In rainy season, when it rains continuously, the basin should be put down or moved to a place without rain. In winter, the temperature is low, water evaporation is less and water is less.
(3) fertilization. When planting in the Spring Festival, put some animal hoof pieces at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer. In the spring growing season, the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied 1 ~ 2 times a month. July-August is the flower bud differentiation period of winter jasmine, so liquid fertilizer containing more phosphorus should be applied to facilitate the formation of flower buds. For example, in the early flowering stage, applying a decomposed and thin organic liquid fertilizer can make the color gorgeous and prolong the flowering period.
(4) plastic surgery. The germination ability of winter jasmine is very strong. In order to keep the tree shape, we should always pick the heart, cut off or shorten some branches during the growing period. After the flowers wither, the branches should be cut short, generally leaving only 2 ~ 3 buds, and the main branches can leave more buds appropriately. After the new branches are born, if they are properly maintained, the buds will be clustered.
Xin Huang, Yunnan:
Name: Xin Huang, Yunnan
Also known as jasmine plum
Scientific name: Jasminumpmesnyi
Family and genus: Oleaceae
Origin: Yunnan, China.
Uses: Suitable for hanging cultivation on flower racks, hedges or sloping highlands.
Features: evergreen semi-tendril shrub. The branches are soft, with four opposite leaves, three compound leaves and elliptic lanceolate leaflets. Golden flowers bloom in spring, axillary, corolla lobes, single or compound. Tolerance to shade, full sunshine or half sunshine, like warm plants. Pruning should be carried out after flowering, which is beneficial to the regeneration and flowering of new branches.