1. Arithmetic operator is also called arithmetic logic unit (ALU for short). It is a part of computer processing data, including arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. ) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, XOR, comparison, etc. ).

2. The controller is responsible for fetching instructions from the memory and decoding the instructions; According to the requirements of the instruction, it is responsible for sending control signals to other components in chronological order, ensuring the coordination of all components and completing various operations step by step. The controller is mainly composed of instruction register, decoder, program counter and operation controller.

The core of the hardware system is the central processing unit (CPU). It is mainly composed of controller and arithmetic unit. , and it is a chip made of large-scale integrated circuit technology, also known as microprocessor chip.

Step 3 remember

Memory is a part of a computer for memorizing or temporarily storing data. All the information in the computer, including the original input data. The intermediate data after preliminary processing and the useful information after final processing are stored in the memory. In addition, various programs that instruct the computer to run, that is, a series of instructions that specify how to handle input data, are also stored in the memory. Memory is divided into internal memory and external memory.

4. Input devices

An input device is a device that inputs information to a computer. It is an important man-machine interface, which is responsible for converting the input information (including data and instructions) into binary codes that can be recognized by the computer and sending them to the memory for storage.

5. Output devices

An output device is a device that outputs the results of computer processing. In most cases, it transforms these results into a form that people can easily recognize.

Second, the computer host includes hardware and its functions.

Computer hardware refers to tangible physical equipment, which is the general name of actual physical equipment in computer system.

Central processing unit, main memory, auxiliary memory, input and output devices and bus.

Central processing unit (CPU): It is used to perform arithmetic and logical operations on data and is the execution unit of a computer.

Main memory: also known as memory, directly connected to the CPU, is the working memory in the computer, and the programs and data currently running in the computer must be stored in the main memory. Access speed is fast, but storage capacity is small.

Auxiliary memory: also known as external memory, it has a large storage capacity and stores almost all the information in the computer. When the computer actually executes programs and adds data, the information in the auxiliary memory needs to be transferred to the memory before it can be used by the CPU.

Input and output equipment: I/O equipment for short, which is the bridge between the computer and the outside world. Input devices refer to devices that can input information to computer systems, including keyboards, mice, scanners, etc. Output equipment refers to the equipment that can output the national information of computer system, including monitors, printers, plotters, etc.

Bus: It is a set of physical signal lines and related control circuits that connect CPU, memory, auxiliary memory and various input and output components in a computer. It is a common mechanism for transferring information between computer components.

ordinary

Motherboard-equivalent to the trunk, all built-in accessories are on it.

CPU-responsible for processing information, equivalent to the human brain.

Memory bank-stores temporary information to be processed by CPU (currently 5 12M, 1024MB).

Hard disk-used to store data (files) (now it is generally 160G, 200g);

Graphics card-responsible for displaying images on the monitor (some users don't need a separate graphics card, such as integrated graphics cards for office, internet and chat, which is of course better for users who play games, such as GeForce6600GT and GeForce 7300GT);

CD-ROM drive-used to play CDs, including burners (CD-ROM drives such as software CDs, game CDs, VCD DVD, CD-ROM drives, DVDs and burners);

Network card-used for Internet access or LAN, and now most motherboards have been integrated;

Sound card-responsible for transmitting sound data to the stereo system for playback.

extra

Physical accelerator card-Agiea's accelerator card can replace CPU to deal with physical phenomena in the game, which is not common.

IEEE 1394 Card-Video Capture Card, which can transmit the video recorded by the camera (with MiniDV tape) to the computer.

TV Card-You can watch TV and record programs on your computer.