Cherry in China is weak in cold resistance, and likes warm and humid climate, so it is suitable for cultivation in the place with annual average temperature 15 ~ 16℃. Sweet cherries like to be cold and dry. The natural sleep period of cherry is about 80 ~ 100 days. The chilling requirement for complete dormancy of sweet cherry is below 7.2℃ 1 100 ~ 1300 hours. Sour cherry needs 1200 ~ 2500 hours. China cherry has a short dormancy period, and it is easy to germinate when the temperature warms up in late winter and early spring. In case of "late spring cold" (frost or snowfall), the flower organs are frozen, which seriously affects the yield and even fails to harvest the granules. Therefore, in the development, we must pay attention to whether the time when the local low-temperature cold wave strikes in spring coincides with the flowering period, and we can't plant cherries in places where adverse weather (frost, snowfall, strong wind) occurs all the year round. Even in places where disastrous weather rarely occurs, it is necessary to choose suitable small terrain for planting when building gardens.

The annual rainfall suitable for cherry growth is generally 700 ~1000 mm. How to solve the problem of "early spring" should be fully considered when building gardens in some areas in the south. Because in the early stage of fruit growth, drought will cause serious fruit drop and affect fruit growth and development.

Cherry is a light-loving tree species. China cherry is more shade-tolerant, but it has good illumination, early fruit ripening and good coloring.

Cherry is suitable for cultivation in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil. The pH value of soil is generally 6.0 ~ 7.5.

The vertical distribution of cherry roots in China is generally concentrated in the soil layer about 20 cm deep, which requires loose soil and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Heavy clay is not suitable for planting cherries. Because cherries are not resistant to transportation, the garden should be built in a place with convenient transportation.

Planting density should vary according to varieties, rootstocks and soil conditions. On the fertile and flat land, China cherries are planted in a Y shape with a density of1× 3m and 220 plants per mu. If natural clumping or natural happy shaping is adopted, it can be planted at a density of 2 ~ 3m× 3 ~ 4m. The density can be appropriately increased in the young age, and thinning measures should be taken after the garden is completed.

Planting time is generally divided into autumn and spring. It should be planted in cold, dry and windy areas of Yichun in winter and before seedling germination in spring. It can be planted in warm places in winter and autumn.

Before planting, the soil should be deeply turned and cooked, and planting holes should be dug. Apply 25-50kg organic fertilizer to each hole. After mixing fertilizer with soil, plant seedlings and water the roots immediately.

cultivation techniques

The main varieties and pollinated trees are not self-flowering, so pollinated varieties with consistent flowering period and strong affinity must be configured. Planting period: it can be planted before and after defoliation in autumn and before germination in the following spring, and autumn planting is suitable.

Planting density is determined according to cherry orchard's climate, soil, water conservancy and topography, variety characteristics, dwarfing ability of rootstocks, pruning methods and overall management level.

Fertilizer and water management fertilization: young trees and early fruit trees, mainly applying sufficient base fertilizer; Topdressing young trees with 1 ~ 2 times of nitrogen fertilizer, the first crop of fruit trees can be forced to apply nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer 3 ~ 4 times a year. Fruit trees are usually fertilized four times a year.

Application of base fertilizer in autumn: every year in September 65438+ 10, combined with deep ploughing and hole expansion. Post-harvest water: After the fruit is harvested, it is in an important period of tree recovery and flower bud differentiation. This watering should be controlled and coordinated with fertilization and irrigation to lay the foundation for high yield in the coming year. Freezing water: it should be carried out before defoliation and soil freezing to keep the soil temperature and humidity relatively stable and protect the roots from freezing damage.

Spindle shape: the stem is 40 ~ 60 cm high, the tree is 3 ~ 4 m high, and there are 10 ~ 15 main branches on the central trunk, and the opening angle is 70 ~ 80.

The central trunk of the small crown is 40 ~ 50 cm high, and the whole tree has 5 ~ 6 main branches, which are divided into two layers, and the interlayer distance is 120 ~ 65438+40~50cm.

Trim. Young tree stage: cultivate tree skeleton and expand crown. Restrain the strong and help the weak, so that the master and slave are clear and distinct.

Artificial pollination at flowering stage: bell buds are collected from pollinated varieties to make mixed pollen, and artificial pollination is carried out at early flowering stage and full flowering stage respectively; Or use feather dusters to bounce on different varieties of trees at 10:00- 17:00 for artificial pollination.