Unless a gentleman is an official in Wu, he can't be said to have a broad heart for the past, and he can't show his merits by preaching your beauty. He has been silent for three years. The king of Wu asked him strangely, "I have won the merits of my predecessors and put them on the sages." I stayed up all night and never dared to be lazy. " Today, the late king naturally held high [1] and gathered in Emperor Wu. He will help me, steal it honestly, fidget, don't want to eat, ignore the color of boredom [2], listen to the sound of bells and drums, be modest and firm, and want to hear things for three years [3]. Today, Mr. Jin has no auxiliary treatment, and he can't give up his reputation. He stole for Mr. King but didn't take it. It is disloyal to cover your heart and not see it; Seeing without doing, the Lord is unknown [4]. I don't know if I really mean it. "There is no passive Mr Fu. The King of Wu said, "This matter can be discussed, but I will look at it [5]. Mr. Wang said, "Yu ()! Is it awesome? Could it be [6]? It is easy to speak [7], and the speaker is contrary to his purpose, blowing it into his ears, and the fallacy (ㄇㄧㄡˋmiù) is in his heart, but it is convenient for the body [8], or pleasing to the eye and pleasing to the ear, and it is quickly destroyed by the walker. Who can listen unless there is a wise king and Lord? " Wu Wang said, "What is it?" People on it, in language can also [9]. "Mr. Trial, I'll see how it goes. 」

To annotate ...

[1] Nature: It's easy.

[2] Miman: Lascivious.

[3] Liu Yi: residual theory.

[4] In the sentence of "It's time to be pregnant", see: "Now".

[5] Yu: Waiting for enterprises.

[6] Yu: that is, "singing." What a pity: it means nothing.

[7] It's not easy to talk about it.

[8] Paradox: Inverse. Fu: Violating the criminal law.

[9] "One person can speak many words": See "The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye". Only people above average level can talk about profound knowledge.

original text

Wang said, "In the past, Guan Long admonished Jie, but Wang dared to speak. The two ministers are extremely concerned about loyalty, Min is not dirty, and all the people are in turmoil. Therefore, speaking out about its mistakes and remonstrating its evils will be regarded as the glory of the monarch and the disaster of the Lord. Today, it isn't. On the contrary, I feel that defaming your trip, without the gift of the minister, will hurt my health, ruin my reputation, kill my ancestors and make the world laugh. Therefore, it is easier said than done! So the ministers who assisted Bi collapsed one after another, while the evil sycophants went hand in hand, and then became famous (flying) company, Elego [10]. Both of them are cunning and treacherous, and they are clever at carving to satisfy their hearts [1 1]. See and listen quickly, and be tolerant. So I didn't quit [12], but I wasn't killed. The ancestral temple collapsed (ㄓˋ) [13], and the country was the city, killing the virtuous husband. " The poem "Not a Cloud?" We wasted all our efforts and got into a fight with the four countries [14], "this is also called. Therefore, talking about (Yue) [15] and (Xu) [16] is not helpful to the rule of the Lord. Will be like the village color, direct remonstrance, be brushed with the evil of the Lord [17], the harm of the people is killed [18], then in the heart of the evil Lord [19], experience in the law of decline [20]. Therefore, long-lived people don't want to go in, so they live in the mountains, accumulate soil as rooms, weave sheds as households, play the piano and sing the wind of the first king, or they can forget their death with joy. Therefore, Uncle Boyi evaded Zhou and starved to death under Chu Yang, which was called benevolence by later generations. If it's an evil Lord's trip, it's hard to say! 」

To annotate ...

[10] Fei Lian and Elgo: both ministers of Shang Zhouwang and evil disciples.

[1 1] Carving: Carving into a pattern.

[12] Don't quit if you go: it means don't quit if you go.

[13] Tan: Collapse.

[14] Two sentences: See The Book of Songs Xiaoya Bluefly. This refers to those who stir up contradictions and disturb the quartet.

[15] Wei: Doubt is regarded as "evil". ?ㄟˇ): Meiya.

Pleasure: a pleasant appearance. Cleisthenes: Gentle language.

[17] fu: finish the same thing and correct the mistakes.

[18] loss: as a "donation", the form is close to error. Donation: except also.

[19] Yi: Inverse.

[20] Calendar: Book of Judah.

original text

So Wu Wangdai (ㄐㄩㄝˊ) changed his face [2 1], donated a few [22], and sat on the ground. Mr. Wang said, "When I met him, I avoided the world and was crazy. My two sons both avoided the world and supported themselves [23]. If you meet a wise Lord, give him leisure [24], generosity, sincerity of anger [25], security of the picture [26], gain and loss, security of the Lord and security of the people, so that five emperors and three Wang Zhidao can be counted. So Yi Yin was humiliated, took the tripod and dried soup with five flavors [28], and the squire fished in Weiyang to welcome King Wen. If you have the same heart, you can achieve anything, you can follow all your plans and you will get your husband. Thoughtful thinking, guiding righteousness and self-correction, promoting goodness and broadening its scope, benevolent ancestors [29], praising virtue, punishing evil and chaos, Chang Yuan [30], unifying classes, and the beauty lies in customs. This emperor is also prosperous. Nature remains unchanged in the world, and human relations are not taken away from the world, so heaven and earth are in harmony and far away, so it is called the holy king. The position of courtier was increased, so the land was sealed and the title was Duke, which was passed on to the descendants of the country and became famous in later generations. People now call it Tanghe. Squire, Yi Yin, Pang Long, it is better to go it alone, alas! Therefore, it is easier said than done! 」

To annotate ...

[2 1] Dai Ran: Panicked.

[22] Presenter: Ye. Donate a few recommendations: remove the recommendation seats and several cases. Donate a few recommendations: laugh at yourself.

[23] Jieyu: a hermit of the State of Chu. Ji Zi: Uncle Shang Zhouwang.

[24] Yan: Banquet. Same as cymbals.

[25] Bi: Never mind.

[26] Figure: Planning.

[27] Several: Several.

[28] Monk: Attack. Dry soup with tripod and five flavors: cook with tripod and five flavors, and reconcile the five flavors to see the soup.

[29] Benevolence and ancestral differences: benevolence is the foundation, and righteousness is the beginning.

[30] Total: Aggregation.

original text

So Mu Ran, the king of Wu, was greatly disappointed. He wept on his back and said, "Hey! Guo Yu is immortal [33], close to embarrassment [34], and the world is endless! " So it was the dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, the position of Qi Junchen, who gave talents, Budehui, Shi Renyi, rewarded meritorious deeds, practiced thrift, reduced the expenses of the harem, and damaged the use of horses and chariots; Put Zheng Sheng [35], stay away from the crowd, save the kitchen and go extravagant; ● The Palace Museum, rotten gardens, and ponds are filled in order to give the poor no property; Open Tibet, get rid of poverty [36], save the elderly and feel lonely; Take it thin and save it. I have been in Xian Yi for three years; There is no disaster in the country, the people are not hungry and cold, the family is full of people, the livestock is surplus [37], and there is nothing; Phoenix comes together, Kirin is in the suburbs, nectar drops, Cao Zhumeng [38]; People of different customs in the distance thanked Feng and came to congratulate them on their duties. Therefore, I think it's foolish if the way to control chaos is the end of life and death, and the monarch doesn't want to do it. Therefore, "Poetry" said: "The country that wins is Zhou Zhizhen, Fuji and Wang Yining [39]." This is also called.

To annotate ...

Mu Ran: Still keep silent. Meditate on your appearance.

[32] Hey: Keep your head down. Use "prone". H: chin.

[33] Continuity: Continuity.

[34] Almost: dangerous.

[35] Let it go: abandon the beautiful Zheng music.

[36] Vibration: that is, "relief", relief.

[37] Livestock: the same as "storage".

[38] Zhu Ya: "Biography of Shangshu" said: "The preface of Deguang is Zhu. 」

[39] "Wang Guoke wins ..." and other sentences: "The Book of Songs, Confucianism, King of Literature". It means that the kingdom can produce talents, be the backbone of Zhou, and the country can be peaceful. Krishnamurti: Yes. Zhen: backbone. Gigi: Many and neat.

? Note "On Mr." is an essay in Han Dynasty. In "Fu", the fictional gentleman answered the question of the king of Wu with ancient times, quoted classics and satirized modern people, and expressed his general plan of governing the country with sensational brushwork. The full text is carefully chosen. In artistic style, he is not good at the sharp satire of laughing and cursing, but shows the deep affection of difficult career. This poem was written at the end of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when the Emperor was in power, and the emperor turned from prosperity to decline irretrievably, so it was heavy and durable.

author

? (154-93 years ago) (the second son), whose real name is Zhang, was born in Yuci, Pingyuan County (now Huimin County, Shandong Province) and was a poet of the Western Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wrote a letter recommending himself, saying, "I am twenty-two years old and nine feet three inches long. If my eyes hang like pearls, if my teeth are braided like shells, if I am as brave as Meng Ben, if I am as agile as Qing Ji, if I am as honest as Bao Shu, if I am born like a tail, I can become the minister of the son of heaven. " "So he worshipped Lang, and later served as an assistant minister and doctor in Taizhong. Most ancient hermits lived in the mountains, but he claimed to live in the imperial court. Dong Fangshuo's Works and Selected Poems of Dong Fangshuo.

translate

Unless a gentleman is an official in Wu, he can't praise the distant ancient times to encourage the will of the king, nor can he praise the virtue of the king to show his achievements. After three years, he remained silent. The king of Wu felt very strange and asked him, "I inherited the achievements of my ancestors and entrusted myself to many wise men." I get up early and go to bed late and never dare to slack off. " Teacher Wang came from afar, high-spirited, high-spirited, and applied what I have learned all my life. I sincerely recommend you in private. For three years, I have been fidgeting, unwilling to eat, ignoring the colors and the sound of bells and drums, and humbly wanting to listen to the brilliant macro theory, and I have been looking forward to it until now. Nowadays, Mr. Wang can neither help Wu rule nor praise the reputation of the monarch. Personally, I don't think Mr. Wang should adopt this attitude. It is disloyal not to offer your talents; It is immoral of the monarch to sacrifice without carrying out it. You may think I'm unwise, right? "Mr Bufu prone on the ground, respectfully issued a" yes "answer. The king of Wu said, "You can speak now. I am waiting to see and listen. " Mr. Fei said, "alas! Is it okay? Is it okay? It is not easy! Some of my words are unpleasant to hear, but they are good for health, and some are pleasing to the eye and pleasing to the ear, but they ruin my virtue. Who can listen without a wise king and monarch? The king of Wu said, "Why do you say that? Confucius said: "People above the average level can talk to him about profound truth. Tell me, sir. I will listen to you carefully. 』」

Fei said, "In the past, Guan Longfeng remonstrated, but Wang Shubi dared remonstrate with Shang and Zhou. Both ministers tried their best to be loyal to the king, fearing that the king's virtue would not be passed down below, which would make everyone restless. Therefore, they directly pointed out the faults of Chen Xiajie and Shang Zhouwang, and tried their best to persuade them to correct their evil words and deeds, hoping to bring glory to the king and eliminate their disasters. However, this is not the case. Instead, I think that outspoken surrender is an act of slandering the king, and there is no ceremony for people and ministers. Sure enough, those who spoke out were injured, accused of innocence, implicated their ancestors in murder, and were laughed at by the world. Come on! As a result, the loyal ministers and upright ministers of Fuzheng collapsed in succession, while the wicked and flattering villains were reused together, and finally developed into evil ministers and evil sons comparable to Shang Zhouwang, such as Fei Lian and Oleg. They are both treacherous and hypocritical people, both of whom can reach the top with clever words and tricks, and deceive the king's trust with well-packaged good words. Committed to satisfying the pleasure desires of eyes and ears, taking living in the world as the criterion of life. As a result, his king slipped down the evil road without any precautions, his reputation was ruined, his ancestral temple collapsed and his country was in ruins. These are the results of exile, killing sages and ministers, and getting close to villains. Didn't it say in the Book of Songs? "There is no end to defamation, which constitutes a war between the Quartet countries and China." That's the truth! Therefore, servility, affability and subservience to Nuo Nuo are not conducive to the governance of the Lord after all, and people with lofty ideals are unwilling to do so. Look overbearing, reserved and serious, outspoken. If you help the monarch to correct evil and reduce the disasters of the people below, you will violate the idea of the evil monarch and endure the cruel laws of the declining times. Therefore, people who live long and save their lives live in the mountains, build houses with mud, weave doors with thatch, sit on the water and play the piano, singing the legacy of the first generation of holy kings, so that they can forget their death happily. So Boyi and Shu Qi fled from Zhou Wuwang and starved to death in shouyangshan. Later generations praised them as benevolent people. Like this, the behavior of the evil monarch is daunting enough, so it's easy to say! 」

As a result, if the prince of Wu is lost, his face will change color, and he will be ordered to remove the recommended seat and several cases, so it will be unpleasant to sit. Mr. Wang said: "In the Spring and Autumn Period, when Chu hermits met, they pretended to be crazy to avoid the world, and in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, they pretended to be crazy. Both of them escaped from troubled times to save their lives If you meet a wise Lord, get quiet and peaceful leisure, treat them with generous and gentle words, let them express their anger, give all their loyalty, plan national security, and weigh political gains and losses, which can stabilize the monarch of the world and facilitate the people of the world, then the Five Emperors and Three Wang Zhidao can almost be seen. Therefore, Yi Yin endured humiliation, took a cooking tripod and a cooker, reconciled the five flavors and sought audience with Shang Tang, and went fishing by the Wei River to pay a visit. The monarch and the minister are United, and all of them are successful. It's a lot of trouble to meet a wise man. Foresight, introducing righteousness to rectify the body and mind, promoting goodness to attract subordinates, taking benevolence as the foundation, taking righteousness as the beginning, praising virtue, being generous and virtuous, eliminating evil and chaos, gathering foreigners, unifying Chinese people and beautifying customs are the only way for emperors to become rich and powerful. Do not change nature in the world, and do not abandon human relations in the world; There will be harmony between heaven and earth, and people from afar will join them, so Shang Tang and Zhou Wenwang are called "holy kings". The official positions of the courtiers were constantly improved, so they were ceded territory and enfeoffed, and they were sealed as princes. The feudal country passed on to future generations, and their reputation was passed on to future generations. Until now, people still praise them because Yi Yin and Jiang Ziya met Shang Tang and Zhou Wenwang. The endings of Jiang Taigong and Yi Yin are so brilliant, but the endings of Longfeng and Bigan are so tragic. Aren't you sad? So it's hard to tell! 」

So the king of Wu kept silent, bowed his head and meditated silently, raised his head, tears flowed to his chin, and said sadly, "Alas! My country will not perish, but will continue; I must be careful, so that my bloodline will not be cut off! So the prince of Wu corrected the court meeting in Tang Ming, sorted out the positions of monarch and minister, recommended talents, spread virtue, widely applied benevolence and righteousness, and rewarded meritorious soldiers; Personally practise frugality and reduce the expenses of harem and horses and chariots; Abandon Zheng's gorgeous music, stay away from flattery, save the kitchen and abandon luxury; Shrinking palaces, destroying gardens, filling ponds and ditches and distributing them to the poor who have no industry to farm; Open the treasury of Neigong to help the poor. Sympathize with the elderly and help the lonely; Reduce tax collection and criminal law. These measures have been implemented for three years, and there is nothing at home. Heaven and earth are in harmony, and Yin and Yang are in harmony. There is no disaster in the country, people are not hungry and cold, families have given enough to others, and prisons are empty; Phoenix flies, Kirin appears, nectar comes, and Zhu Cao sprouts; People with different customs in the distance yearn for the customs of the Central Plains, admire the courtesy of the mainland and offer their respective tributes to congratulate them. Therefore, the way to deal with chaos and the mood of survival are so obvious that the monarch refuses to do it. I privately foolishly think that this is wrong. Therefore, the Book of Songs said: "Zhou Bang is an outstanding saint, all of whom are good pillars of the country, with a wealth of talents, a peaceful country and a strong country." "That's the truth.