In a narrow sense, the winter jasmine (known as the Spring Festival in Ci Hai) has four branches, small plants, reddish buds, six petals, flowers first and leaves later, and leaves in winter. The "Spring Festival" that is not difficult to understand is Spring Festival (four-sided branches, small plants, reddish buds, six petals, flowers first and leaves in winter), Forsythia suspensa (round branches, big plants, four petals, leaves in winter), jasminum giraldii (multi-petal flowers, evergreen) and so on. There are also movies, TV series, songs and essays in the name of "Winter jasmine".
Chinese scientific name: winter jasmine
Latin scientific name: winter jasmine
Nicknames: Golden Belt, Golden Fragrance, Yunan Yingchun, Ye Yingchun, Evergreen Liana Shrub, Yingchun Willow.
Field: the field of plants
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia
Objective: scrophulariaceae or Labiatae.
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Jasmine/Jasmine.
catalogue
Brief introduction of plant information
morphological character
Ecological habit
breeding method
Cultivation and modeling
plant diseases and insect pests
Gao Qian's Spring Festival Culture
Suitable range
Garden use
Distribution of origin
Medicinal value
Propagation cultivation
Identification and distinction between Yingchun and Forsythia suspensa
Jasminum nudiflorum and Wild Jasminum nudiflorum (Yunnan Jasminum nudiflorum)
relevant issues
Related legends
Poems describing winter jasmine
Brief Introduction of Plant Information in the Prose "Winter jasmine"
morphological character
Ecological habit
breeding method
Cultivation and modeling
plant diseases and insect pests
Gao Qian's Spring Festival Culture
Suitable range
Garden use
Distribution of origin
Medicinal value
Propagation cultivation
Identification and distinction between Yingchun and Forsythia suspensa
Jasminum nudiflorum and Wild Jasminum nudiflorum (Yunnan Jasminum nudiflorum)
relevant issues
Related legends
Poems describing winter jasmine
Prose of "Winter jasmine"
Expand and edit this plant information.
biographical notes
Winter jasmine, also known as golden plum, golden belt, Qingming flower, golden waist and small yellow flower, is a deciduous shrub of Oleaceae. Named after its earliest flowering among all flowers, it is also called "four friends in the snow" with plum blossom, daffodil and camellia, and is one of the precious flowers in China. Winter jasmine is not only dignified and beautiful in color, extraordinary in temperament, but also has the characteristics of not being afraid of cold, not choosing to adapt to local conditions and strong adaptability, and has always been loved by people. winter jasmine
morphological character
Deciduous shrub, slender branches, arched and drooping growth, more than 2m long. The lateral branches are stout, quadrangular and green. The trifoliate compound leaves are opposite, 2-3 cm long, and the leaflets are oval, smooth and entire. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils, with cup-shaped corolla, bright yellow, 6-lobed at the top, or compound leaves. The flowering period lasts for 50 days from March to May.
Ecological habit
Like light, slightly tolerant of shade, slightly cold, afraid of waterlogging, can overwinter in North China and Yanling in the open air, requiring warm and humid climate, loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage, which grows vigorously in acidic soil and poorly in alkaline soil. The roots germinate vigorously. The landing part of the branch takes root easily.
breeding method
Multipurpose cutting. Select 1 year-old branches, cut them into 15cm long, irrigate them in the whole seedbed, and then cut them. You can also dry-cut, that is, cut the whole seedbed and then irrigate it with water. Cutting can be carried out from the middle of 10 of 65438 to the middle of 10 of 65438 or in spring. After rooting, it can be planted alone, divided into plants or propagated in layers.
Cultivation and modeling
Jasmine in spring forms flower buds on 1 annual branches, which bloom from the end of winter to the next spring. Therefore, every year after flowers wither, all branches should be cut short to promote the growth of more lateral branches, increase the amount of flowers and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. winter jasmine
plant diseases and insect pests
Pests and diseases often occur leaf spot disease and dead branch disease, and 1500 times of 50% bactericidal wettable powder can be sprayed. Insect pests do great harm to aphids and giant salamander, spraying 50% phoxim EC 1000 times.
Gao Qian's Spring Festival Culture
You can choose water wax seedlings with breast diameter above 2cm, and perform abdominal grafting at 1m or a certain height when they sprout in early spring. Take the branches of Jasminum nudiflorum as scions, with the length of 8- 10 cm, and carry out grafting. Then tie it tightly with a film, wrap it in a plastic bag, and gradually tear the bag after the branches survive, so that they can breathe freely to exercise seedlings, pick their hearts to promote side branches and cultivate crown shapes.
Suitable range
Originated in South China and Southwest subtropical areas, South China is widely cultivated, which can be planted in North China, Anhui and Henan, and also in Yanling County. winter jasmine
Garden use
The branches of the Spring Festival droop in spring, and bloom first and then fall in late winter and early spring. These flowers are golden and the leaves are green. It should be arranged on the lakeside, stream side, bridge head, corner or lawn, forest edge and slope in the garden. It can also be planted around the house for flower viewing in early spring. Flowers, leaves and shoots can be used as medicine.
Distribution of origin
Originated in northern China, mainly distributed in North China, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong and other provinces. Winter jasmine is cold-tolerant, sunny, drought-tolerant but not waterlogged. Propagation is mainly based on branching, layering and cutting. It is often used to decorate flower beds and gardens. It is an important flower and plant in early spring. Often cultivated in various places for viewing; It is also distributed in the central and northern provinces of China. winter jasmine
Leaves are used as medicine to reduce swelling and detoxify, treat swelling and pain, malignant sores and traumatic injuries; Flowers can relieve fever and diuresis, and treat fever, headache and urinary heat pain. Both leaves and roots contain syringin and geniposide. Reproduction by cutting or layering.
Edit the medicinal value of this paragraph.
Alias: Little Yellow Flower, Golden Belt (Qunfangpu), (Yunnan Tongzhi), Huangmei (Botanical Dictionary), Qingming Flower (Guizhou Folk Medicine). Source: Winter jasmine. Jasmine, Oleaceae, whose leaves and flowers are used as medicine. Pick flowers in spring and leaves in summer. Fresh or dry. winter jasmine
Collection: harvesting and drying in February-April. Nature and taste return to the meridian: leaves: bitter and flat. Flowers: sweet, astringent and flat. Indications: Leaves: detoxification, detumescence, hemostasis and pain relief. Can be used for treating traumatic injury, traumatic hemorrhage, stomatitis, carbuncle and furuncle, and pruritus vulvae. Flowers: clearing away heat and diuresis, detoxifying. Can be used for treating fever, headache, urinary heat pain, and lower limb ulcer. Usage and dosage: Leaves: 2 ~ 3 yuan. Apply fresh external products to the affected area or take sitz bath with water decoction. Flower: 1 ~ 3 yuan. Grind the powder for external use and apply sesame oil to the affected area. * Excerpt from: National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine.
Edit the section on reproduction and cultivation.
Cutting is the main method, and layering and ramet propagation can also be used. Cutting can be done in spring, summer and autumn. Semi-lignified branches, with the length of 12- 15 cm, were inserted into sandy soil, kept moist, and took root about 15. Layering: Bury the longer branches in the sand without being scratched, take root after 40-50 days, and transplant them separately from the mother plant in the next spring. The division of plants can be carried out when they sprout in spring. When transplanting in spring, some overground branches should be cut off and lodging soil should be brought. During the growth process, pay attention to the fact that the soil can't accumulate water and be excessively dry, and properly fertilize 2-3 times before and after flowering. Prune and reshape in autumn and winter to keep more new flowers. Pests and diseases often occur leaf spot disease and dead branch disease, and 1500 times of 50% bactericidal wettable powder can be sprayed. Insect pests do great harm to aphids and giant salamander, spraying 50% phoxim EC 1000 times. winter jasmine
Winter jasmine is warm and cold-resistant. The flowering period of the Spring Festival is affected by the temperature, and it is open from late October to April from south to north at 65438+/kloc-0. If you want to blossom in the Spring Festival, you can move the flower buds into the sunny room at 12 ~ 16℃ 2 ~ 3 weeks before the Spring Festival, and water them for 3 days 1 time, and often spray water on the branches and leaves. If the flowers don't bloom before the Spring Festival 1 week, the room temperature can be raised to 20.
Edit this paragraph to identify differences.
Yingchun and Forsythia suspensa
Deciduous shrub of Oleaceae, widely cultivated in China; There are many similarities between the two plants. They bloom at the same time, open yellow flowers, bloom first and then grow leaves. So many people can't tell these two plants apart. In fact, the difference between the two is obvious: winter jasmine.
1) The old branches of Yingchun are grayish brown, with quadrangular branchlets, slender, arched and green. Yequan is a trifoliate compound leaf, which grows symmetrically in a cross. The leaves are small, oval, entire and narrow and sharp at the top. Flowers are solitary, yellow, tall, disc-shaped, and inserted between the axils of annual branches. Forsythia suspensa branches are round, the branchlets are light brown, the stems are hollow, often drooping, the leaves are large, the shape is rectangular, the upper part is serrated neatly, and the lower part is full. Single leaf or 3 pairs of opposite leaves, in which the top leaf is larger and the two sides are smaller. These flowers are golden yellow with wide petals. 2) The branchlets of Yingchun are green, and those of Forsythia suspensa are dark in color, generally light brown. 3) Flowers in Spring Festival have 6 petals each, while those in Forsythia suspensa only have 4) Flowers in Spring Festival seldom bear fruit, while those in Forsythia suspensa bear fruit.
Jasminum nudiflorum and Wild Jasminum nudiflorum (Yunnan Jasminum nudiflorum)
Both of them belong to Jasminum of Oleaceae and are widely cultivated in China. They are very similar, but there are some differences: 1) Jasminum nudiflorum is a deciduous shrub, which blooms first and then leaves, and has no leaves at full bloom. Ye Yingchun is an evergreen shrub with green leaves during flowering. 2) The flower tube of Jasminum nudiflorum is long, while that of wild Jasminum nudiflorum is short. 3) The winter jasmine in 3)Xi 'an area blooms from the end of February to March, earlier than the plum blossom in the same area. The flowering period of Ye Yingchun in Xi 'an is often in early April, about one month before the Spring Festival Evening, and obviously later than the plum blossom. Yunnan Jasmine (Ye Yingchun)
Edit the questions related to this paragraph.
How can the Spring Festival blossom more? In the cold wind at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, Jasminum nudiflorum can produce clusters of golden florets, such as bright Venus covered with branches, which brings abundant spring to the indifferent early spring. In early summer, the leaves are lush and the branches are swaying, so they are very beautiful, so they are widely welcomed and cultivated by people. The propagation of this kind of flower is relatively easy, and it can be done by dividing plants, layering and cutting. Plant division should be carried out before leaf opening in spring. When its leaves and branches touch the ground, they will produce adventitious roots, so in the growing season, the branches will be pressed into the soil and fixed without being scratched, and generally young branches with strong vitality can be produced. It is also easy to survive by cutting. Just take about 10 cm of semi-lignified shoots, insert them into sand or soil, keep them moist, and take root after 2 weeks. In early spring and rainy season, you can also choose old branches with good posture for cutting. After survival, with a little binding and pruning, it can become an ancient bonsai. winter jasmine
Winter jasmine grows vigorously, has strong adaptability, and is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, but it is not difficult to cultivate because it is afraid of waterlogging and Xiyang is slightly light-tolerant. However, to achieve the effect of dense flowers, more scientific and reasonable maintenance is needed. First, the necessary pruning should be carried out. Flowers in spring are mostly concentrated on annual branches, and biennial branches bloom less. Therefore, after flowering every year, the flower branches should be pruned again, leaving only 3-4 buds at the base and less weak branches. When the new shoots grow to a certain length, they should be picked according to the matching degree between the pot plant size and the plant shape, or repeatedly shortened to promote branching. Generally, it will not be cut short after mid-July, which can inhibit the vigorous growth of new shoots and is conducive to the enrichment of new shoots and the formation of flower buds. Moreover, after many shortcuts, you can avoid long branches and save the trouble of knotting. Pruning after flowering in spring, applying decomposed cake fertilizer or base fertilizer once, and applying manure once every half month during the growing period. Remember to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later growth stage to promote the branches to be stronger after pruning. Daily management is mainly to keep the soil moist without watering. When the climate is dry, it can be used to increase humidity and prevent water from accumulating in the basin after rain. In summer, when the head of the fierce mouth has high temperature, it is more beneficial to move to the semi-shade. Before and after the Spring Festival, move the flowerpot into the greenhouse or plastic shed, keep the room temperature at about 15℃, and you can see the flowers in about 15 days. Planting, potted use and maintenance of winter jasmine? Cultivation of winter jasmine
Planting pots have strong adaptability to spring, like light, cold, drought, alkali and waterlogging, and have no strict requirements on soil. They can grow in slightly acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline soils, but they grow best in loose and fertile sandy soil. Planting is usually carried out after flowers wither or in mid-September. If you want to cultivate the root-lifting type, you can raise the root properly when planting, but don't raise it too high at a time, otherwise it will be bad for growth. Since winter jasmine is yellow, light blue, purple and black pots should be chosen when planting, so that the colors of pots and flowers can be coordinated. If cultivated properly, there will be yellow flowers in spring, green leaves in summer and autumn, green vines in winter and spring all year round. Maintenance management (1) website. During the Spring Festival, those newly planted or changed pots should be watered, kept in the shade for about 10 days, and then placed in a semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place; Cure for a week, and then put it in a sunny, well-ventilated and humid place for curing. In winter, the pots planted with spring flowers in the south can survive the winter safely as long as they are buried in the soil in the leeward and sunny places, while in the north, they should be moved indoors when the temperature is low (about 5℃) in early winter. If you want to make the Spring Festival blossom ahead of time, you can move it into a sunny room with moderate or high temperature, such as placing it in the sunny place around 13℃, spraying clean water on the branches and leaves twice a day, and it will bloom in about 20 days. If it is placed indoors in the sunny place at about 20℃, it will bloom in about 10 days. Keep the room temperature at about 8℃ after flowering, and be careful not to let the wind blow directly on it, which can prolong the flowering period. After bloom, the higher the room temperature, the faster the flowers wither. (2) water. Spring Festival is humid, especially in hot summer. Water it once a day in the morning and properly in the afternoon. In order to keep the environmental humidity low, water should be sprayed on the ground frequently. Yingchun is afraid of water in the basin. In rainy season, when it rains continuously, the basin should be put down or moved to a place without rain. In winter, the temperature is low, water evaporation is less, and water is less. winter jasmine
(3) fertilization. When planting in the Spring Festival, put some animal hoof pieces at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer. In the spring growing season, the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied 1 ~ 2 times a month. July-August is the flower bud differentiation period of winter jasmine, so liquid fertilizer containing more phosphorus should be applied to facilitate the formation of flower buds. For example, in the early flowering stage, applying a decomposed and thin organic liquid fertilizer can make the color gorgeous and prolong the flowering period. (4) plastic surgery. The germination ability of winter jasmine is very strong. In order to keep the tree shape, we should always pick the heart, cut off or shorten some branches during the growing period. After the flowers wither, the branches should be cut short, generally leaving only 2 ~ 3 buds, and the main branches can leave more buds appropriately. After the new branches are born, if they are properly maintained, the buds will be clustered.
Edit the relevant legend in this paragraph.
There is a northeast and southwest ravine between Hutou Peak and Wansui Peak in Songshan Mountain. There are two millstones at the mouth of the ravine, and each millstone has a round pit, which looks like a horseshoe. Locals call these two pits "horseshoe pits" and these two stones "horseshoe stones". It is said that these are horseshoe prints left by Dayu when he was controlling water. According to legend, what horse did Dayu ride? It has great strength, runs fast and can climb mountains and mountains. Dayu survived many difficulties with it. Shenma's ears are also very sensitive, which can distinguish the size of the wind and predict the climate change. Whenever there is a strong wind, it will stop its hoof, open its mouth, look at its owner and shout "Hui, Hui, Hui" three times. winter jasmine
It is said that Dayu treated floods in other places first, and put his hometown Songshan area last. After controlling the flood, Dayu is going to rest at home for a while, one is to make up for his wife's feelings, and the other is to educate him. Who knows that Dayu just stayed at home for three days when news came that the Yellow River at the northern foot of Songshan began to flood again, with huge waves and flooding in Yingze. If it breaks down, the consequences will be unimaginable. Dayu once again bid farewell to Tushanyao. Tu Shanyao looked at Dayu anxiously, and said with distress and irritation, "Hey, you are so angry and left like this. Songshan is so big, can you fly with your wings? " The speaker has no intention, but the listener has intention. Dayu thought, yes, if you can fly over Songshan at once, you can save a lot of time Dayu touched Shenma's head and said, "Can you carry me to the northern foot of Songshan Mountain?" Who knows what nodded in agreement, Dayu was extremely happy. So Dayu rode out of the house. Dayu wanted to see the water potential in Yingze first, so he came to Caoling Slope and was about to ride over Songshan Mountain. Unexpectedly, Shenma stopped and shouted "Hui, Hui, Hui". Soon, a strong wind blew, and the yellow sand in Xiaoyao Valley filled the sky, which fascinated Shenma's eyes. Dayu had to turn his horse's head and retreat. After the wind stopped, Dayu got on his horse again and prepared to leap over Songshan Mountain. Who knows the horse stopped again and shouted "Hui, Hui, Hui". Dayu saw the fog rolling in the western world, and the fog wrapped Shaoshi Mountain at once, and it was foggy for a while, so that God could not see clearly the east, west, north and south, and Dayu had to endure it. winter jasmine
After waiting for a long time, the fog finally cleared away. As the saying goes, things are only three. Dayu patted the horse's head and said, "Come on, you must fly there this time!" " Shenma understood the master's meaning, nodded and looked at the terrain carefully. He found two huge stones in the ravine between Hutou Peak and Viva Peak. He immediately raised his neck and stepped on it with his front hoof. Dayu also held his breath and clung to the reins. Then Shenma stepped on the boulder with his front hoof, jumped up with all his strength, flew over Songshan Mountain and landed safely at the northern foot of Songshan Mountain. Because the horse used too much force, a pair of front hooves kicked out two horseshoe-shaped nests on the boulder. Later, the masses called these two stones horseshoe stones and this ravine horseshoe ditch. A long time ago, the ground was flooded, crops were flooded, houses collapsed, and people had to gather at the top of the mountain. All day long, the world is chaotic, and even the spring and autumn seasons can't be distinguished. At that time, the emperor called Shun, and Shun asked his minister Gun to lead people to control water. After several years of treatment, the water is getting bigger and bigger. Gun died, and his son Yu provoked the heavy burden of water control. winter jasmine
When Yu took people to find waterways, he met a girl in Tushan. The girl boiled water for them and helped them point out the water source. Dayu was very grateful to the girl, and the girl liked Yu very much, so they got married. Yu was so busy managing the water that they broke up after a few days together. When she left, the girl sent her to one journey after another. When he came to a mountain, Yu said to her, "that depends on when it will be delivered!" I won't look back until the water is cured. " The girl looked at Yu with tears in her eyes and said, "Go ahead, I'll stand here and come back for me when you calm down the flood." When Dayu left, he untied the vines around his waist and gave them to the girl. The girl touched the vine belt and said, "Go ahead, I'll stand here and wait until the vine blooms, the flood stops and people live and work in peace." When Dayu left the girl, he led everyone around Kyushu and dug rivers. A few years later, the river was dredged, floods returned to the sea, crops were unearthed, willows sprouted, and finally people settled. Dayu happily came back overnight to find his beloved girl. Far away, he saw the girl holding the bunch of vines and standing on the high mountain waiting for him, but when he saw it, it turned out that the girl had already turned into a stone statue. It turns out that since Dayu left, the girl has stood on this mountain every day and looked around. Rain or shine, freezing cold, never disappear. Later, the awl of grass penetrated her feet, and the seeds of grass sprouted and took root on her. She still held up the vine and looked around. Over time, the girl turned into a stone statue, with vines in her hands and vines in her blood. I don't know how long it took, but the vines turned green and tender, and new branches were sent out. I went forward to call his beloved girl, and tears fell from her eyes. At the moment, Jing Teng actually opened a golden flower. Vitex negundo blooms and floods disappear. In order to commemorate the girl's heart, Dayu named the vine flower "Winter jasmine".
Edit this poem describing the winter jasmine.
Tang Bai Juyi's "Playing with Spring Flowers and Giving Yang Langzhong" Jin Ying Cui Calyx Spring Cold. How many yellow flowers are there? Tell the tourists in your words, but don't look at them in blue and white. Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), Han nationality, was born in Xiaguan (now the northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). He is a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature, and is known as "Poet Fairy" and "Poet King". His poems have a wide influence in China, Japan and Korea, and they are the "New Yuefu Movement". Chang's "Winter jasmine" is eye-catching, and the east wind enters Jiuchong City first. No one wants the yellow vine, and the waves are famous all over the world. Author introduction Liu Chang (? -132), a historian, scholar and essayist in the Northern Song Dynasty. The originator of the word world is Mr. Gong. Linjiang Xinyu (formerly Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, now Huangtugang Town, Zhangshu City) is a native. Song Hanqi's "Winter jasmine" has slender green stripes, and the snow turns yellow when it is cold. Spring Festival is not self-sufficient and the flowers are overflowing. Author's brief introduction: Han Qi (1008- 1075), a native of Anyang, Xiangzhou (now Henan), was a statesman and famous soldier in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Edit this essay "Winter jasmine"
When winter has not yet come out of the cold and numbness of this season, a kind of warmth has quietly hung on the branches when turning around and looking back. At this time, the winter jasmine bloomed early with her unique posture and embrace of spring. Yellow buds and petals, in the colorless winter, quietly bloom with a kind of joy and amorous feelings. Spring is coming, spring is coming, long branches are arranged neatly, waiting for the arrival of spring and the beginning of another cycle. The flowers in the Spring Festival are quietly blooming, and the people in the Spring Festival are running enthusiastically. I know that there is no melody that can touch people's hearts more than spring, and there is no season that can glow life more than spring. A flower will bloom for a season, and a mood will wake up the ears. That bright smile, that light footsteps, that childlike innocence, that enthusiasm for melting ice and snow, that singing and laughing are just spring flowers hanging on the branches. Spring is already a flower that can be picked. This flower stands in front of me, welcoming sunshine and joy, indicating growth and glory. The bird inadvertently brought a seed, who would have expected that it would grow into a big tree many years later. When the winter jasmine bloomed unconsciously, spring pushed my door open. Maybe after I really walk into the crowd in spring, I will forget the bright colors of winter jasmine and the yellow flowers that have paved the way for spring. My eyes will be attracted by more colorful colors. But I will never forget that there was once a scenery standing in the cold wind, and there was once a flower that bloomed silently for spring. In the blooming season of winter jasmine, I met the gatekeeper of spring. In the world where words lose color, I hear the sound of nature and the melody of life.