Planting techniques of fruit trees
Step 1: Fruit tree cultivation requirements:
First, choose the direction of fruit tree planting: generally choose the north-south direction to plant fruit trees; At the same time, it is best to walk perpendicular to the roadside for farming and management. If you choose the east-west direction, it will affect the growth and yield of fruit trees and the quality of fruits;
Secondly, dig the planting hole (ditch): When planting fruit trees, it is generally required to dig a big hole (ditch), that is, finally dig a planting hole (pit) of 1m3 or at least 60cm3. The planting ditch can also be dug in an orchard with high planting density. When digging a pit (ditch or pit), the soil layer (topsoil) above 40 cm should be placed on one side of the ditch and the soil layer at the bottom should be placed on the other side. This is because the holes (ditches) dug before planting fruit trees have a close influence on the early growth of fruit trees, and even determine the growth environment of the planted fruit trees all their lives (especially in hilly areas with thin soil and stones);
Step 2: applying a single fertilizer:
Strictly speaking, fruit trees only apply base fertilizer once in their life. Applying base fertilizer has a great influence on fruit trees, especially in the year of planting, which is of great significance to whether the orchard can enter the early fruit and high yield period. As far as fertilizer types are concerned, organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, supplemented by appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer, specifically, 50 kg of decomposed soil miscellaneous fertilizer or decomposed chicken (pig and raised) manure 10 kg (dry manure 1.5 kg) is applied to each plant; At the same time, 1- 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.5 kg of light ammonium carbonate were mixed, and then the fertilizer was prepared. When filling the pit (ditch), all the fertilizers and excavated topsoil are stirred evenly in the pit, and then all the remaining soil is filled into the pit (when the fertilizer is insufficient, the ditch can be covered with dry crop straws or weeds). Finally, water is used for border irrigation.
Step 3: Fruit tree planting requirements:
Before planting, the fruit trees should be soaked in water for more than 3 hours to absorb enough water (to prevent the loss of water in the middle from affecting the survival), and the roots should be dipped in mud when planting to protect the roots from freezing injury and root death caused by water evaporation, which directly affects the survival of fruit trees; When planting, the root system should be stretched, and the planting depth should be equal to the original seedling growth soil trace, not too deep or too shallow. After planting, water and seal the soil, and then it is best to cover the film with heat and moisture to improve the survival rate. After planting, irrigation should be guaranteed for three times before May, and irrigation should not be too frequent, which will affect the soil temperature and hinder the survival of fruit trees;
Step 4: Post-planting management:
After the fruit tree is planted, it is required to fix the stem once, that is, leave a plastic belt (that is, leave 5-8 full buds for branches) at the 60-70cm position of the planted seedlings, and cut it horizontally (the incision is slightly inclined), which is the fixed stem; Fixed stem is very important and cannot be omitted, which is related to whether fruit trees can bear fruit early and yield high, and must not be omitted;
Step 5: Other management:
After planting fruit trees, we should closely observe them, pay attention to water conservation and heat preservation, and prevent pests and diseases, so as not to affect normal growth; Do a good job of plastic surgery in that year, and wipe the buds below the plastic belt in time after the seedlings germinate; In addition to the trunk extension branches, 3-4 main branches are selected as the main branches of the lower fruit trees, and the remaining 3 or so branches are used as fruiting branches, so as to strive for the next year's fruit, and when the main branches grow to 50-60cm, they are picked to promote the development of lateral branches and bear fruit in advance; It is necessary to continuously cut gum 2-4 times according to the tree potential and season, which is the material basis and guarantee of early fruit.
Cultivation techniques of fruit trees
In the cultivation technology of fruit trees, we should first choose good fruit tree varieties, and choose excellent varieties with pure seedlings and suitable for local natural environment conditions.
1. Look at the root system: the root system of excellent fruit tree seedlings should have more lateral roots and fibrous roots, which are evenly distributed. One or two seedlings should have more than three lateral roots, and the roots should not lose water.
2. Specification selection: the height of excellent fruit trees should be 1 ~ 1.3m, and the ground diameter should be 0.8 ~ 1cm. Grape Miao Di diameter is not less than 0.6 cm.
3. Germination status: There must be more than 6 full and full leaf buds in the shaping area below the fixed stem level, so that good branches can be produced after the fixed stem. Grape seedlings must have 3 ~ 4 full buds with high maturity.
4. Whether there are pests and diseases: choose seedlings without pests and diseases, and the seedlings that belong to the quarantine scope should have quarantine certificates.
The cultivation techniques of fruit trees should be suitable for the site and trees. In front of and behind the house, peaches, bayberry and pomegranate can be planted. ; Pears, persimmons, chestnuts and dates can be planted at the back and sides of the house. Potted kumquat, grape, fig, pomegranate and dwarf peach can be planted on windowsill, terrace, roof platform and low wall, and attention should be paid to the configuration of different varieties of fruit trees in early, middle and late stages.
Fruit tree cultivation technology, choose neutral soil with convenient irrigation, ventilation and light transmission, loose and fertile soil for planting. Most of the fruit trees are perennial herbs, which should be fully fertilized and the row spacing should be 40? 70 cm, deep ploughing 20? 30 cm, and then flatten the land into a strip boundary with a width of 70 cm, and the boundary surface is higher than the ground 10 cm. Choose strong seedlings with a height of about 15cm, many branches, thick branches, lush leaves and no pests and diseases, and plant them in zigzag. Generally, it is more appropriate to plant it tonight. After planting, water the roots.
Management is very important in fruit tree cultivation techniques. Loosening soil and weeding are generally 3-5 times a year to prevent soil hardening, properly watering and cultivating seedlings, and ginseng needs a lot of fertilizer. Fertilizing according to the needs of plants and spraying Gendalin in time can promote the transportation of photosynthetic products (nutrients) on leaves to roots, improve the nutrient conversion rate and loosening ability, make roots swell rapidly and greatly improve the content of effective substances.
Pay attention to the cultivation techniques of fruit trees.
1. The dormancy period of fruit trees is from defoliation in winter to germination in the next year. At this time, almost all fruit tree diseases and insect pests began to hide in the wintering nest, unable to eat or move, and went into hibernation. Therefore, this is the best time to control fruit tree diseases and insect pests once a year.
2. After the trunk is painted white in winter, it can not only increase the pest control effect, but also help the fruit trees to prevent freezing. There are two kinds of whitening agents commonly used, lime-sulfur mixture and lime-copper sulfate mixture.
Planting promising fruit trees
Hongxiangguo
The perennial vine fruit tree of Cucurbitaceae bears bright red fruit that year, with the fragrance and sweetness of sesame and walnut. 10-30g single fruit yield per mu 1500kg, with a benefit of more than 50,000 yuan and a bumper harvest for several years. It is easy to grow pipes and loofahs, and the places where watermelons and gourds can be planted are suitable for planting in all seasons, and flowers and fruits are constantly in greenhouses.
Actinidia chinensis
Actinidia chinensis
Cultivated by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, it has pink flowers, white fruit, green flesh, sweet and delicious taste, single fruit 80- 130g, and VC content exceeds that of any kiwifruit variety, which has anti-cancer effect. The fruit in the second year after planting is 15-30kg, and 1 10 plants are planted per mu. The fruit picking period coincides with the Mid-Autumn National Day.
Red pear
Red pear
Pear trees generally have white flowers, while Sanhong pears have red flowers. Not only flowers and leaves are red, but also young and mature fruits are red. Therefore, Sanhong pears are called, with an average fruit of 260 grams, thin and crisp skin, sugar content of 12.2% and excellent quality. Strong adaptability, resistance to leaf rust, easy management, planting for 2-3 years, maturing in June-July as early as possible, with a yield of 5000 kg per mu.
Four Seasons Fruit Mulberry in Taiwan Province Province
3-4 batches a year, sweet fruits bear fruit in the same year, with high and stable yield 1 10-220 plants/mu, and one gram of potted plants.
Fruit tree branch pulling method
Branching is an important technical measure for fruit tree pruning. In a year, fruit trees are pruned in late summer and early autumn. At this stage, the branches are soft and plastic, and the direction and angle of the branches can be changed at will as needed.
Generally, the backbone branches can be pulled to 90 degrees, which is level with the ground; The branches of the vigorous fruit trees should be pulled obliquely. The thicker the main branch, the greater the angle of pulling branches to balance the tree potential.