grow seedlings
(1) Seed collection: fully mature fruits are harvested from early September to the first half of June. After ripening and softening, the fruits and seeds are squeezed out together, put into a gauze bag and kneaded to separate the seeds from the pulp, then washed repeatedly with clear water, and the washed seeds are spread indoors to dry in the shade.
(2) Sand storage treatment of seeds: soak the seeds in warm water at 40-50℃ for 2 hours, then soak them in cold water for one day and night, and then sand storage for 50-60 days to sow. Kiwifruit seeds are afraid of being dry and wet during sand storage, so they should be checked and turned frequently to prevent mildew.
(3) sowing
Sowing time: generally, it is ideal to raise seedlings in areas above 800 altitude, and sow from mid-March to early April.
Sowing methods: First, the nursery is selected in a place with deep and fertile soil layer and good drainage and transportation conditions; The second is to prepare soil for the box, apply sufficient fertilizer and remove impurities. The width of the box is about 1 m, slightly press the seedbed, water it, and sow the seeds in the sand with sand. After sowing, sprinkle a layer of fine river sand with a thickness of about 2-3 mm, cover it with straw, spray water on the grass or build a plastic shed. Third, strengthen seedbed management to ensure that strong rootstock seedlings are cultivated.
Garden selection
Kiwifruit root system is fleshy, especially fragile, afraid of waterlogging, high temperature, drought, new buds afraid of strong wind breaking, afraid of late spring cold or low temperature freezing injury. Suitable for planting in subalpine areas (800- 1400 meters above sea level). Choose a place with deep soil layer, fertile soil, loose texture, good drainage and convenient transportation to build the garden. For example, when planting kiwifruit in low mountains, hills or plains, proper irrigation and drainage facilities should be provided to ensure no waterlogging in rainy season and timely irrigation in dry season. It is best to build windbreaks around the park.
Reasonable proportion of men and women
Kiwifruit is a dioecious plant, occasionally dioecious. In order to make the pollination and fertilization of female flowers go smoothly and improve the fruit setting rate, it is necessary to match the proportion of male and female plants when planting kiwifruit. The ratio of male to female plants is generally 8: 1, or 6: 1. Different varieties of female plants have different combinations.
rational application of fertilizer
Kiwi is a perennial vine fruit tree, which needs more fertilizer. The important material basis of early fruiting, high yield, stable yield, high quality and long life depends on reasonable fertilization.
Apply germination accelerating fertilizer from the end of February to the beginning of March. You can loosen the soil around the tree tray first, then spread it, and then dig deep into the soil; Stripping applications can also be used. Generally, the ditch is about 20cm deep and covered with soil after fertilization. The amount of urea applied per plant is 0. 1 kg.
Apply flower-protecting fertilizer and "Guaguo Zhuangdiling" to kiwifruit before flowering, at the young fruit stage and at the fruit expansion stage respectively, so as to meet the physiological needs of fruit development, prevent weak flowers or falling flowers and fruits, improve the fruit expansion speed, and enhance the color of strong fruits.
In the growth period, shoot management and flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out.
At the beginning of germination period, inappropriate or dense buds and shriveled buds on trunk and main vine should be erased.
When the new branches are semi-lignified, they can be cored, and when the vigorous fruiting branches and developing branches begin to bend and entangle at the top. When the new shoots of the whole tree are vigorous, before the new shoots grow rapidly, two rows of holes can be punched around the tree or on the tender skin at the lower part of the main branch, and the "flower-promoting king 1" can be brushed with a brush, which can effectively control the crazy growth of branches and make kiwifruit blossom early and bear more fruits.
On the same branch, the buds and young fruits at the base become thinner, leaving the middle and upper fruits. Generally, 2 ~ 5 fruits are left on each branch of medium-long fruit branches, and 1 fruit or no fruit is left on each branch of short fruit branches.
Control of main pests and diseases
There are fewer pests and diseases that harm kiwifruit. Common diseases are brown spot disease and root-knot nematode disease. Common pests are mainly omnivorous pests, such as scarabs, leaf rollers, scale insects, spotted wax cicadas, moths and so on. At present, the production basically does not cause great economic harm. Generally, comprehensive control methods based on agricultural control can be adopted.
After picking the fruits, clean up the garden, and take the branches, residual branches and dead branches in the orchard, residual fruits and stiff fruits hanging on the trees, fallen fruits and pests scattered on the ground out of the garden for centralized destruction, so as to reduce the source of infection of pests and diseases.
Do a good job of shaping and pruning
The shape of branches depends on the way of scaffolding, so we should make full use of the surface of scaffolding to make branches evenly distributed and achieve the goal of high yield and high quality.
Kiwifruit pruning is divided into winter pruning, summer pruning and male pruning. Pruning in winter is carried out during the period from defoliation to germination in early spring 1 month, with thinning as the main method and appropriate short cutting; Keep more main vines and fruiting branches, and cut off dense branches, thin branches, cross branches and pest branches.