First, choose the soil for planting walnuts.
Walnut is a kind of seedling with low requirements for land, and any weeds and trees can grow on the land, so walnut seedlings can be planted on such land. If nothing grows, you can't plant walnut seedlings, and any walnut has no effect on altitude and temperature. For example, Lhasa, Xinjiang and Gansu can grow normally at an altitude of more than 6000 meters and for more than 30 minutes below zero. For example, Hainan walnuts in tropical areas grow normally.
Second, improved varieties and strong seedlings.
Selecting excellent varieties is the key to ensure the yield and quality of walnuts. Seedlings should grow healthily, without pests and diseases, without mechanical damage, with complete root system, full terminal buds and high lignification.
Third, the planting season
Planting time is divided into spring planting and autumn planting. Spring planting: It can be planted after the soil is thawed and before the seedlings germinate. Our city is prone to dry weather in spring, so we should pay special attention to irrigation after planting to improve the survival rate of planting; Autumn sowing: it is the main planting season in our city, and it is usually carried out from the end of June 10 to the end of February 12. At this time, the soil moisture is sufficient, the soil temperature is high, and the root system can still move, which can restore the wound and slow down the seedlings in advance, which not only greatly improves the survival rate of planting, but also makes the seedlings grow vigorously in the coming year.
Fourth, strengthen management.
Agriculture: Intercropping Leguminous Crops in Walnut Orchard and Promoting the Growth of Walnut Trees through Planting in intercropping crops; It is better to make green manure occasionally, combined with deep ploughing and pressing green. Adult orchards are weeded 2 ~ 3 times a year from April to September, with autumn and winter seeds 1 time.
Fertilization: basal fertilizer is applied every autumn after fruit picking, mainly organic fertilizer, with 20-30 kg per mu for young trees, 50- 100 kg per mu for early fruits and 0 150-200 kg per mu for big trees with full fruits; Fertilization methods can be ring-shaped, strip-shaped and hole-shaped.
Drainage and irrigation: irrigation should be carried out in time during flowering period, rapid fruit growth period, fertilization period and winter drought period; Pay attention to drainage in rainy season.
Five, plastic pruning
Pruning period: walnut pruning has bleeding during dormancy period, and the pruning period is suitable in autumn. Young trees do not bear fruit, which can start in late August, and adult trees can start around 10 after fruit picking, but before the leaves turn yellow.
High-yield trees: the high-yield trees of walnut are mainly sparse trunks, natural round heads and many main branches. Trunk thinning layer: trunk height 1.2- 1.5m, the first layer has three main branches, the interlayer distance is 10-20cm, the bottom angle of the main branches is 70 degrees, and each main branch has 3-4 first-class lateral branches; There are two main branches on the second floor, and the main branches on the third and fourth floors are planted on the central pole.
This kind of tree has the advantages of light pruning, quick forming and early fruiting, which is beneficial to premature birth and high yield of young trees.