1, low temperature period of osmanthus trees (65438+February to February of the following year)
At this stage, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of osmanthus fragrans are carried out at the same time, and the flowers between the shoots and leaves are constantly growing. When the average temperature is above 7℃, the shoots begin to grow, and the young flower branches and vegetative branches begin to grow. Inflorescence leaves degenerate, with branch length 1cm ~ 5cm and more than 20 ~ 30 buds. The vegetative branch has 2-8 leaves and 6-20 flower buds, which are located in the axils of purple buds. At the same time, the flower buds formed in the leaf axils of lignified branches have also blossomed into leaf axils, all of which are cymes. The flowers in this period are white, with a diameter of 4 mm to 6 mm and a slight fragrance.
2. Optimum temperature and flowering period (March-April and 9-165438+1October)
The temperature rises in March and April, when axillary flowers and tender-tip flowers open at the same time, and the aroma becomes stronger. In September, when the temperature dropped to about 20℃, the new shoots were lignified one after another, and lignified leaf axils mainly appeared. A number of compound inflorescences with lignified branches in the axils of opposite leaves opened one after another, and the flowers kept blooming. At this time, the color is light yellow, and the flower diameter is 6 mm ~10 mm. Because of the large amount of flowers, suitable temperature, many aromatic substances and strong fragrance.
3. High temperature period (May to August)
When the temperature is above 22℃, summer shoots with flower buds (buds) appear. Because of the high temperature and rapid vegetative growth, flower buds are inhibited, and young shoots appear buds without flowering. When the temperature is above 25℃, the bud disappears, and the new bud has no bud and no flower. However, in rainy weather, axillary flowers can also appear, and there are still a few adventitious flowers on the old stems of the main branches and lateral branches of mature trees. This period is the light flower season of osmanthus fragrans, but because of the high temperature, the aroma of axillary flowers and adventitious flowers is very rich and far away. The ecological characteristics of Osmanthus fragrans can be summarized as follows: it is most suitable for planting in the place where the annual average temperature is 10℃ to 15℃, the minimum temperature is -2℃, and the extreme maximum temperature does not exceed 25℃. It likes sunny, cool and humid climate, has wide adaptability and strong resistance, and grows well in neutral and acidic soil rich in organic matter. It can not only be used as a landscaping tree species, but also be used for the cultivation of perfume plants and medicinal plants.
1, water drainage
Osmanthus fragrans is mainly watered within one month after new planting and in the summer of the same year. The newly planted osmanthus must be watered, and it can be watered in time according to the weather and site conditions. Conditionally spray water on the crown of the plant to maintain a certain air humidity and reduce the moisture of the seedlings.
Osmanthus fragrans planting technology (Osmanthus fragrans grafting technology) evaporated. In addition, in order to promote the early flowering of osmanthus fragrans, in mid-September, when the flower buds begin to germinate, appropriate amount of water should be used to keep the soil moist. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings do not need a lot of watering during normal maintenance, but can be properly watered in particularly dry summer and autumn. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, and poor drainage will cause a lot of fallen leaves, root rot and even death. Drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants in time and planting with a certain amount of sand can promote the growth of new roots.
2. Rational fertilization
The principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently should be followed, with available nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and medium and large seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, before the buds begin to swell, the roots begin to move and absorb fertilizer. Therefore, in early spring, organic fertilizer should be applied to the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Spring shoots are branches that bloom in autumn that year. Spring seedlings are growing vigorously and will bloom more in the future. After Osmanthus fragrans blooms in autumn, in order to restore tree vigor and supplement nutrition, inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. The newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans has weak absorption capacity because of its damaged root system, so it is not appropriate to topdressing too early. The base fertilizer of the transplanting pit should be mixed with soil and covered with soil, and the root system should not be in direct contact with the fertilizer, so as not to damage the root system and affect the survival rate.
Fertilizer must be applied where the roots can absorb it. Seedling roots are concentrated, and transplanting is easy to survive. Therefore, fertilization in nursery should not be too far away from seedling crown, otherwise the root system will expand outward. But it is not suitable to be applied under the trunk, which is not conducive to the absorption of fertilizer.
3, plastic pruning
Pruning osmanthus fragrans is an important measure to cultivate single-dried osmanthus fragrans. Timely and reasonable pruning can make it ventilated and transparent, strengthen photosynthesis and reduce pests and diseases, so that osmanthus fragrans grows rapidly, its trunk is straight and its tree shape is beautiful.
(1) When osmanthus fragrans germinates, the buds on the trunk and base can also germinate. The useless buds at the lower part of the trunk should be peeled off in time to concentrate water and nutrition, promote the development of the upper branches and form an ideal tree shape.
(2) To cultivate dried osmanthus fragrans by thinning branches, we should consciously cultivate the trunk straight from the beginning of seedlings, maintain a certain height under branches, and cut off useless branches. Generally, the height under the branches of osmanthus fragrans is about 1.5 meters.
(3) Cut the overgrown top branches to keep the height of osmanthus fragrans at about 3.5 meters and the crown width at 2.5 ~ 3 meters. When transplanting Osmanthus fragrans, in order to maintain a complete tree shape, it is not advisable to cut it forcefully, but only cut off dead branches, disease and insect branches, sparse overlapping branches, cross branches and thin branches, and control long branches.
grow seedlings
The cultivation of osmanthus fragrans seedlings is mainly based on cutting and asexual propagation. The problems of seed collection, seed treatment and sowing date of osmanthus fragrans are as follows:
1. Seed collection time: generally from the end of May to the beginning of June each year. When the seed skin changes from blue-green to blue-black and begins to fall off the tree, collect the whole seeds from the tree or the ground.
2. Post-harvest treatment: mix the seeds with river sand, grind off the exocarp until there is no fleshy residue attached to the yellow-white bone seed shell, and float the hollow seeds.
3. Seed storage: Osmanthus fragrans seeds are physiologically post-ripe, and must be stored in sand for a long time before they can germinate and emerge. Therefore, the washed seeds can be mixed with wet sand and stored in a large flowerpot or water tank, and the mouth of the flowerpot or water tank can be covered with glass (or wood board) to keep moisture and prevent rats, and it can be kept indoors in winter without freezing. During storage, sand is always wet, and the water holding capacity of sand is 10% at the initial stage of sand storage, and it can be increased to 50% at the middle and late stage.
4. Sowing time: In the first ten days of February-April of the following year, only when the seeds are white can the seedlings be sown.
5. Sowing requirements: Generally, drilling is adopted. After sowing, a small amount of straw is covered for shade, and the height of seedlings in that year can reach 15-20cm. After being cultivated in the nursery for 2 years, it will be transplanted in the spring of the third year, and will bloom after 10 years. [2]
Balcony cultivation
It is most suitable to choose young plants for balcony cultivation. For seedlings with a height of 30 ~ 50 cm, spread a layer of gravel with a thickness of 4 cm on the flowerpot, drill a few small holes in the bottom of the flowerpot (convenient for watering), and then put the flowerpot on the gravel. Then, fill the flowerpot with fine soil to cultivate osmanthus seedlings. After planting, the roots of the seedlings are covered with fine soil with a thickness of 4-5 cm, and the soil is compacted. Finally, pour root water (with clear water) to soak the soil in the flowerpot. When the seedlings survive and show new buds, pry open the soil at the roots and apply 100g fermented oil cake to each plant. After 3 months, each plant should be drenched with100g ammonium bicarbonate once with 500g manure water, and it should be applied less and more later.
Courtyard cultivation
① The seedlings with a height of 50 ~ 100 cm should be cultivated by digging holes. This nest is 40 cm deep and 50 cm wide. After the nest is made, the soil in the nest is not fine. Then cultivate and cover the seedlings with fine mud with a thickness of 7- 10 cm. Then pat the soil tightly, and finally pour a root of water (with clear water) to soak the soil in the nest. (2) If the big plant is larger than 100 cm, dig a pit for cultivation. This nest is 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide. After digging the nest, the soil in the nest is not fine, and then cultivate the seedlings. After planting, cover the soil 10 ~ 15 cm. After the soil is compacted, root water is still sprayed (with clear water) to soak the soil in the nest. When the big and small seedlings survive and sprout, apply 1 kg of human and animal manure once per plant. Three months later,1.50g ammonium bicarbonate was applied with manure water again. It is better to be diligent and less in the future.