Tree pruning refers to the whole fruit tree, that is, in the process of pruning, according to the growth and fruiting habits of different fruit trees and the actual situation of orchard site conditions, the corresponding pruning methods are adopted, and the pruning degree is appropriate. Starting from the overall situation, starting from the local, otherwise, it is possible to lose sight of one thing and affect the effect. For example, when pruning young flourishing trees of apples and pears, in order to promote their early formation, early flowering and early fruiting, in general, the methods of light pruning, long release and multi-branch must be adopted to inhibit the flourishing growth and promote the early flowering and fruiting; On the contrary, if heavy pruning and more thinning are adopted as a whole, even if some branches are lightly pruned and slowly pruned, it is difficult to achieve the effect of inhibiting growth results; For apples, pears and other big trees that have entered the full fruit period, appropriate pruning and retraction pruning should be taken as a whole to keep the trees vigorous and prolong the full fruit period. Therefore, it is the premise and foundation of reasonable pruning to comprehensively analyze and correctly judge the growth and fruiting status of fruit trees from a global perspective.
The shape of branches is a part of fruit trees. In the process of pruning, according to the growth intensity of branches, the number of branches, the proportion of long, medium and short branches, the size of branch angle, the extension direction of branches, flowering and fruiting, etc. It is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between the part and the whole, the balance between growth and fruit, the subordinate relationship between the main branch and the side branch, the position and space utilization of the branch, etc. So as to form a reasonable high-yield tree structure and obtain high economic benefits of long-term high-quality and stable yield increase. Therefore, pruning trees and shaping trees with branches are the first principles to be considered in fruit tree pruning.
The second is to give consideration to the plastic effect and combine light and heavy pruning. The purpose of shaping and pruning is to build a tree with a strong skeleton, which will blossom and bear fruit early. For long-term high-quality and stable yield, the skeleton of the tree must be strong, so the growth advantage of the backbone branches must be ensured when pruning, but in order to blossom early, bear fruit early and yield early, we must leave as many branches as possible. With the growth of tree age year by year, the amount of branches and leaves also increases sharply, so when pruning, in addition to selecting and retaining the main branches, a certain number of auxiliary branches must be selected and retained for fruiting or preparing branches. Therefore, young trees should be lightly pruned, with more branches and leaves, to expand the nutrient area and increase nutrient accumulation. At the same time, the main branches should be trimmed properly to promote their growth. Auxiliary branches should be lightly cut to slow down growth and promote flowering and fruiting.
After all, the pruning of fruit trees needs to cut off some branches and leaves, so it is undoubtedly inhibitory to the whole fruit tree. The heavier the pruning degree, the stronger the inhibitory effect on the overall growth. In order to control this inhibition to a minimum, the principle of light cutting should be adhered to in shaping and trimming.
Although light cutting is beneficial to expand the crown, slow down the growth of the tree and bear fruit early, in the long run, we should also pay attention to the construction of the tree skeleton. Therefore, under the premise of lightly cutting the whole tree and increasing the total growth of the tree, some backbone branches and auxiliary branches must be properly re-cut, which is conducive to building a solid tree skeleton. Because the position and growth force of different parts that make up the whole crown can't be exactly the same, and the degree of pruning can't be exactly the same. Therefore, in the process of pruning, we must pay attention to the combination of light and heavy, which can not only build a solid tree skeleton, but also effectively promote the normal transformation of young fruit trees to the initial fruit stage and full fruit stage. This pruning principle is beneficial to early fruit and high yield of young trees; For fruit trees, it is conducive to stable yield increase; For old trees, it is beneficial to rejuvenation and crown renewal, and to maintain a certain yield.
In a word, the principle of overall consideration, light pruning and light combination can not only build a solid tree skeleton, but also promote early fruiting, early high yield and long-term high quality and high yield.
In the life cycle of fruit trees, the relationship between growth and fruit is always in constant change. Therefore, when determining the pruning amount, it should be changed according to the change of growth and fruit status and its balance relationship, with the light being appropriate and the heavy being appropriate.
The third is to balance the tree potential and have a clear subordinate relationship. In the same orchard, between different trees, or between different branches of the same tree, the growth force is always unbalanced. When pruning, we should pay attention to the balanced growth and clear affiliation between the main branches and the upper and lower backbone branches of a tree by restraining the strong and helping the weak, properly thinning the branches and cutting them short, so as to balance the upper and lower, internal and external fruits of the whole orchard and realize long-term high-quality and stable yield increase.