(production course of forestry)

(Liu Zeng)

The whole process from the preparation of land and seedlings to the cultivation of mature forests and other forest products. In a broad sense, the process of forestry production includes not only forest cultivation, but also forest harvesting and forest utilization. Forest utilization can be divided into the collection and utilization of wood and wildlife resources in the forest. Forestry production process mainly includes silviculture production process, cutting and transportation process and wood processing (mechanical processing and chemical processing) process. These three factors are not only connected with each other to form a complete process in forestry production, but also formed an independent process by different production process characteristics.

The production process of silviculture has the characteristics of long growth time and obvious production stage, which can be divided into three stages: preparation, afforestation, young forest tending and mature forest tending: ① Preparation stage: including seed collection and treatment, seedling raising, forest land cleaning and land preparation, which takes about 1-2 years; (2) Afforestation and young forest tending stage: planting seedlings or sowing, cutting afforestation, loosening soil, weeding, watering, fertilizing, pruning and shaping are mainly carried out, and the time is about 1-5 years; ③ Forest tending stage: transparent cutting, thinning and sanitary cutting are carried out. This stage is the longest, ranging from ten years to decades. When the timber forest reaches mature age and is harvested and utilized, it enters the process of harvesting and transportation. The production process of logging and transportation is divided into three interconnected stages: ① Cutting area production stage: including logging, pruning, timber making, skidding and loading. ② Timber transportation stage: divided into land transportation, water transportation and air transportation. Land transportation is divided into automobile transportation and forest railway transportation. (3) Timber yard stage: land transportation to the site includes unloading, making raw strips, selecting materials, returning to the blank and other operations; Water transportation to the site includes operations such as dismantling and discharging, going out of the river, selecting materials and returning to the valley.

the basic content of forestry production process includes labor process and natural force action process. The characteristic of forestry production process is that the labor process and the natural force process are staggered, that is, the economic reproduction process and the natural reproduction process cross each other. The labor process of forestry refers to the process in which workers use labor materials and act on the objects of labor to create use value, such as hoes for soil preparation, seedling planting, weeding, or logging with chainsaws. The process of natural forces, such as the process of natural growth of trees according to their own biological characteristics and the influence of natural environment without artificial action. Wood water transportation relies on the buoyancy of wood itself and the natural function of water flow. Wood drying in wood processing can also use natural forces.