1, asexual reproduction. Grafting, cutting, layering and other asexual propagation methods can achieve dwarfing effect, shorten flowering period, reduce plant height and compact plant type. Grafting can be dwarfed by selecting dwarfing varieties. Cutting can determine the plant height by considering the cutting time. In addition, dahlias with tall plants can be planted in pots with a diameter of more than ten centimeters by cutting with buds. The plant height is only a few feet, and the flowers are large and gorgeous.
2, plastic trimming. Through plastic surgery, the main branches are cut off when the plants are young to promote their germination, and then too many side branches with poor growth are cut off, so as to achieve the purpose of plump plant type, low plant and improved ornamental value. Chrysanthemums, roses, a bunch of red flowers, azaleas and foliage flowers are dwarfed by pruning.
3. Control fertilizer and water. Timely application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, less application of nitrogen fertilizer and water control can control the vegetative growth of potted flowers and achieve dwarfing.
4. Artificial drying. Artificial twisting, girdling, twisting tips, etc. , so that the plant transportation channel is blocked, the plant growth rate is slowed down, and the flower plant type is low. Generally widely used in the production of small bonsai.
5. Other measures. Other dwarfing methods, such as chrysanthemum using foot bud propagation to achieve dwarfing, narcissus using acupuncture, carving to destroy growing points to achieve dwarfing.
Second, it is dwarfed by growth regulators.
High-quality potted flowers require short and compact plant types, strong stems and lush flowers. It is not enough to make them short just by cultivating them. It is necessary to supplement hormones, inhibit plant growth and achieve dwarfing. Commonly used hormone substances are paclobutrazol, mepiquat chloride, B9 and chlormequat chloride.
1. Applying 40-80ppm paclobutrazol to a bunch of red plants can shorten the internodes, reduce the leaf area and deepen the leaf color, thus changing the phenomenon that a bunch of red plants are tall, with thin stems, sparse flowers and leaves and serious foot loss, and improving the ornamental value. In addition, it is often used to dwarf flowers such as snapdragon and chrysanthemum.
2. Treating a bunch of red plants with 100ppm mepiquat chloride can reduce the plant height by 26%, shorten the stem nodes, increase the number of branches and improve the ornamental value. It can inhibit the vegetative growth of morning glory, shorten its vegetative growth period by 6 1-67%, and shorten its flowering period by 40%, thus making the plant short, with compact branches and leaves and concentrated flowering period.
4. Using 2500- 10000ppm dwarfing hormone to inhibit the vegetative growth of morning glory can dwarf its plant type and improve its ornamental value.
Third, radiotherapy.
Some flowers can also be shortened by radiation treatment to change the growth state of plants. For example, treating narcissus bulbs with radiation can control the growth of narcissus and make narcissus plants short. Treating canna with cobalt 60 can reduce the height of canna by 30-50 cm and improve its ornamental value.
How do potted flowers keep warm in winter?
With the gradual decrease of temperature, the cold winter has arrived, and most potted plants are no longer suitable for outdoor use. Cold is not conducive to the growth of potted plants. I believe all the flowers raised outdoors have moved indoors. If you want the potted plants to grow well, you must ensure the temperature, humidity and light of the potted plants. So how do you keep them warm? Let's have a look!
First, about fertilization and watering:
If potted plants want to grow well, we must strictly control the amount of water. After winter, the temperature drops from zero to below zero, and the environment needed by plants cannot meet the requirements of their own growth, and photosynthesis slows down, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of plants. Flower lovers can water or fertilize according to the variety, size and actual water demand of potted plants, so as to meet the needs of plants more practically. Cactus, cactus and other drought-tolerant plants, watering twice a month is enough. Don't water the plants often, otherwise the roots will rot, the leaves will fall off and eventually lead to death if the plants are soaked in water for a long time. Ordinary families often put flowers on the windowsill where the light is strong. Plants can keep warm by sunlight, which penetrates through the glass, making the balcony a glass greenhouse, raising the indoor temperature and providing the needed illumination for plants.
Second, about the temperature:
The low temperature in winter is not conducive to the growth of potted plants. You know, the indoor temperature will be more conducive to the growth of potted plants. If the indoor temperature is high, indoor heating or coal burning can be used to increase the indoor air temperature through external conditions. If this method fails, we can use plastic film to raise the temperature of plants. If plants want to thrive in winter, we need to build a warm greenhouse for potted plants. Potted plants in plastic film are like entering a greenhouse, which can thrive, blossom and bear fruit in any weather. Specific operation steps: build a model with a wooden stick or barbed wire, tie the film to the built model, and then tie the film with a rope. Ordinary families like to put flowers on windowsills or balconies. If they have large French windows, they can keep the heat by sticking insulating films on the glass. However, it should be noted that everything will be reversed. If the temperature is too high, the flowers will bloom early.
Third, about humidification and dust prevention:
Plants not only need sufficient water and light, but also need suitable degree of dryness and wetness. The indoor air in the north is dry and the humidity is low, so the air humidity needed by plants can't reach. Therefore, Qin Ying sprinkles water indoors in winter to ensure that the air humidity is appropriate. In the north of winter, the air is dry and dusty. If potted plants are left indoors for too long, it is easy to be covered with a lot of dust. So if you want your potted plants to thrive, you must remove the dust from the leaves. In order to grow potted flowers better, we need to clean them regularly from the aesthetic point of view, otherwise it will hinder the warmth. Articles such as rags can be dipped in hand sanitizer to clean the dust on the branches and leaves and keep the appearance of plants. Then clean the blade with clean water.
Fourth, matters needing attention:
Attention should be paid to indoor ventilation. In winter, you can choose to open the window on sunny days, and remove the excess dust indoors while ventilating, otherwise the plants will not be able to carry out normal photosynthesis and hinder warmth. At the same time, don't let the cold wind blow directly on the plants, which will make the plants cold and uncomfortable.
What's wrong with your potted plants? Hurry back and have a look.
Five guiding measures of flower dwarfing technology
With the development of flower industry, miniature compact potted flowers and bonsai are becoming more and more popular, and the dwarfing technology of flowers is also showing more and more vitality. Dwarfing culture's main technologies are as follows:
1. Asexual propagation By using asexual propagation methods such as grafting, cutting and layering, the flowering period can be shortened, the plant height can be reduced, and the plant type can be compact, so that the dwarfing effect can be achieved. Grafting can be dwarfed by selecting dwarfing varieties. Cutting can determine the height of the plant by considering the cutting time. For example, chrysanthemums can be dwarfed in late July to control lodging. In addition, cuttings with buds can make Dahlia plants tall, planted in pots with a diameter of more than ten centimeters, with a plant height of only a few feet and bright flowers. Chrysanthemum is dwarfed by the propagation of horn buds.
Second, shaping and pruning Through shaping, remove the main branches to promote the germination of plants when they are young, and then cut off too many side branches with poor growth, so as to achieve full plant shape, low plants and improve ornamental. This method is often used to dwarf Chinese rose, bouquet of safflower, azalea and foliage flower. Narcissus destroys the dwarfing of growing points by acupuncture and carving.
Third, control fertilization. Potted flowers should be treated with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in time and less nitrogen fertilizer to control the vegetative growth of plants and achieve dwarfing.
(4) artificially bending the stem and artificially twisting the branches, so that the transport channel of plant nutrients is blocked, the growth rate of plants is slowed down, and the flower plant type is low. Generally widely used in the production of small bonsai.
5. Use plant growth regulator: 1. Spraying a bunch of red plants with paclobutrazol can shorten the internodes, reduce the leaf area and deepen the leaf color, thus changing the phenomena of thin stems, sparse leaves and serious flower dropping and improving the ornamental value. In addition, flowers such as snapdragon and chrysanthemum are often used for dwarfing. 2. Treating a bunch of red plants with mepiquat chloride can reduce the plant height by 26%, shorten the stem nodes, increase the number of branches and improve the ornamental value. 3. Treating plants with B9 can inhibit the vegetative growth of morning glory, shorten its vegetative growth period by 665,438+0.5-67%, and shorten its flowering period by 40.5%, thus making plants short, with compact branches and leaves and concentrated flowering period. 4. The use of chlormequat can inhibit the vegetative growth of Petunia, dwarf its plant type and improve its ornamental value.
Six, radiation treatment of some flowers, but also through radiation treatment to change the growth of plants, so as to achieve dwarfing, for example: gamma ray treatment of narcissus bulbs, can control the growth of narcissus, dwarf narcissus plants. Banana coke treated at 60℃ can reduce the height of canna by 30-50 cm and improve its ornamental value.
Watering principle of potted flowers
Most plants are water, and water accounts for 75% to 90% of the fresh weight of plants. Potted flowers are mainly supplied with water by watering, so proper watering is very important. water quality
Water is divided into hard water and soft water according to salt content. Potted flowers are best watered with soft water, because inorganic salts such as calcium and magnesium contained in hard water often bring harm to the normal physiological activities of flowers. Rainwater, river water, lake water and pond water are all called soft water, which is generally weakly acidic or neutral and suitable for watering flowers. At present, tap water and deep well water are commonly used in flower cultivation. These two kinds of water are mostly hard water and often contain chloride ions, which is not conducive to the growth of flowers. If conditions permit, it is best to use treated pure water for irrigation. If possible, tap water should be poured into the tank for 5 to 7 days before use. Different plants have different requirements on the pH value of water, and the normal physiological activities of most southern flowers are restricted under alkaline conditions, leading to aging and death. Such as camellia, jasmine, gardenia, Milan, azalea and so on. Very sensitive to the pH value of soil and water. Black alum can be used to change the pH of water. Add 20 to 50 grams of black alum to every 5 kilograms of water and water alum once every 15 days.
water temperature
Generally speaking, the optimum temperature for flower growth is 20℃ to 25℃. Irrigation with warm water from 20℃ to 25℃ can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in soil, promote the absorption of root cells, enhance the transport capacity of roots, provide sufficient nutrients for branches and leaves, and promote the early germination, early bud and early flowering of flowers. The temperature of water should not be too different from that at that time, and the temperature difference between water temperature and soil temperature should be kept within 5℃, so that root damage will not occur. If water with large temperature difference with soil is suddenly poured, the temperature of roots and soil will suddenly drop or rise, which will hinder the normal physiological activities of roots, weaken water absorption and cause physiological drought. Therefore, it is advisable to water at noon in summer and water in the morning and evening. In winter, it is advisable to water at noon. In winter, the temperature of tap water is often lower than room temperature. You can add some warm water when you use it, which is beneficial to the growth of flowers.
Watering quantity
To master the law of water demand of plants, we should gradually explore and find the law in practice. Generally, potted flowers should master the principle of dryness and wetness, and woody flowers and cacti should master the principle of dryness and wetness. In summer, most plants grow vigorously and have large evaporation, so water them more. In summer, indoor flowers are watered once every two or three days, and outdoor flowers are watered once a day. Different varieties of flowers should be treated differently. Generally, grass flowers need more water than woody flowers, so they should be watered more. The water demand of southern flowers is greater than that of flowers native to arid areas; Flowers with large leaves, soft texture and smooth hairless need a lot of water; Leaves are small, and tough flowers need less water. In autumn and winter, for those flowers that are dormant and semi-dormant, it is best to control watering and keep the pot soil dry. Check whether the basin soil is dry or wet. You can test it by hand or observe it with your eyes. When the surface of basin soil is slightly wet below the dry surface, it should be watered; If the topsoil is still wet, don't water it for a while. The water consumption for watering flowers is different with different temperatures throughout the year. Spring is cold and warm, and the weather is changeable. At this time, potted flowers began to sprout and take root, which required a lot of water. It is necessary to keep the potted soil moist. Summer is dry, evaporation is fast, and watering should be doubled; In autumn, it is necessary to water less properly, so as to avoid the wild growth of flower branches, which will affect the next year's flowering; Most flowers and trees are dormant in winter, as long as the pot soil is kept slightly wet. As for the time of watering every day, it is different every year. Spring, autumn and winter, around 10 in the morning and after 4: 00 in the afternoon are the suitable time for watering flowers. Don't water the flowers at noon in summer. The general principle is to water it at noon in spring, in the morning and evening in summer, every other day in autumn and watch it frequently in winter. The amount of watering is also related to the weather, the type of substrate, the size of flowerpot and other factors, so it is necessary to master and use it flexibly.
Watering method
Most flowers like to spray water, which can reduce the ambient temperature, increase the ambient humidity, reduce the evaporation of plants, wash away the dust on leaves and improve photosynthesis. Flowers with clean branches and leaves can improve their ornamental value, but flowers in full bloom and flowers with more fluff should not be sprayed with water. Family flower cultivation can be different according to conditions. If you don't have a watering can, you can water it directly, but you should wash the leaves by hand regularly to facilitate the healthy growth of plants.