Aesthetic psychological structure mainly includes aesthetic mentality, aesthetic angle, aesthetic standard, aesthetic imagination and profound aesthetic comprehension. The aesthetic psychological structure of junior middle school students is simple. With the increase of age and the complexity of knowledge structure, students' aesthetic psychological structure tends to mature. Giving full play to the advantages of biology teaching content can promote students to form a sound aesthetic psychological structure and a correct aesthetic view.
The intuitive expression of beauty is first of all color and form. Rich biological knowledge can reveal the essence of color beauty and formal beauty and enrich the connotation of beauty. Explaining color, coat color, skin color, pigment types, pigment proportion and color causes in biology class can help students understand the source of natural color beauty. Colorful colors are pleasing to our eyes, but they play an important role in animals and plants: flowers can use them to attract insects; Insects can use it to escape the harm of the enemy; Green plants have color interaction on photosynthesis; The mottled fur of this beast helps it hide its prey; Melanin in the skin can block ultraviolet rays, etc ... The explanation of these knowledge can make students understand the true connotation of color beauty. There are various forms of living things. Students can enjoy graceful flowers and trees, elegant swans, mighty lions and galloping horses, but they are unwilling to accept black crows and naked toads. In fact, this aesthetic angle is more extensive. Teachers can explain to students according to the principle of biological morphology physiology and Darwin's evolutionary thought: the morphology of organisms is always adapted to their functions and is the result of long-term natural selection and evolution. All living things can embody the beauty of behavior, integrity, coordination and adaptation, which are all natural beauty, and then make the diverse and interdependent creatures endless and alternate generations, and make the world show the vitality of life. This kind of education helps students to form an objective aesthetic mentality. While appreciating the beautiful colors and forms of creatures, they can also feel the deeper natural beauty of color beauty and formal beauty. For example, students who develop earlier are unwilling to accept the gradually obvious secondary sexual characteristics and acne on their faces at first. After receiving adolescent education, I no longer feel embarrassed, can correctly handle related problems, and cherish this innate beauty of youth; The crow's black feather is not beautiful, but it has the behavior beauty of filial piety to birds; A seemingly ordinary green space or forest is actually an orderly ecosystem. Green plants (producers), animals and people (consumers), microorganisms (decomposers) and inorganic environment maintain the ecological balance of material circulation and energy flow, which constitutes the harmonious beauty of biology and environment. With this aesthetic mentality, students' aesthetic interest is further stimulated, their horizons of discovering and appreciating beauty are broadened, and they can observe things from all levels, thus objectively distinguishing between aesthetic guidance and aesthetic guidance, that is, improving students' aesthetic perception ability with a comprehensive aesthetic perspective and scientific aesthetic standards.
The perception of beauty is not only instantaneous, but also lasting and shocking. Cultivating students' aesthetic imagination and understanding is the key to form a good aesthetic psychological structure. For example, the specialized needles and developed roots of pine trees make it resistant to drought and cold, and even in barren land, it can stubbornly go from bottom to top. After teachers explain this knowledge point, they can guide students to carry out aesthetic imagination and association on the vigorous and powerful morphological beauty and adaptive beauty of pine trees, and understand and feel the integrity and self-improvement quality of pine trees. There are many such knowledge points in biology. As long as teachers make full use of these aesthetic factors and carefully set the steps conducive to students' imagination and expansion of association, they can help students obtain rich and beneficial aesthetic feeling.
Giving full play to the advantages of biology teaching content can enable students to maintain an objective aesthetic mentality, perceive a beautiful life and a beautiful world from multiple levels and aspects, establish scientific aesthetic standards, mobilize the accumulation of biological knowledge and skills for aesthetic association and imagination, deeply understand the meaning of beautiful images, appreciate the true meaning of beauty, and finally combine them into a natural and harmonious aesthetic psychological structure to form a correct aesthetic view.
2. Cultivate students' noble sentiments, improve their personality and beautify their minds.
There are abundant aesthetic education opportunities in all aspects of biology teaching. Who should the teacher look for to design and enlighten carefully, so that students can cultivate their sentiments and beautify their hearts in the teaching of beauty.
2. 1 Create a beautiful artistic conception
In biology teaching, teachers should have a solemn and beautiful image, scientific and accurate language, rigorous and reasonable blackboard writing, and give students a beautiful feeling. The choice of teaching media should give consideration to both science and aesthetics, reasonably display and use exquisite and intuitive teaching AIDS and wall charts, vivid models and specimens, and advanced multimedia courseware to create a beautiful artistic conception for students, so that students can stimulate their full learning enthusiasm in a beautiful atmosphere, improve their learning ability and improve their own quality, so as to achieve the initial unity of spiritual beauty and external beauty.
2.2 Carry forward lofty virtues
In biology class, there are many touching stories about biologists' pursuit of truth, tenacious struggle, perseverance and perseverance. For example, Hua tuo is not willing to be an official, but is willing to practice medicine in the private sector; Li Shizhen collected medicinal materials every day for 27 years until the publication of Compendium of Materia Medica. The high-yield hybrid rice created by Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice", has since solved the problem of food and clothing for 65.438+0.2 billion people in China. Darwin changed from a devout theological seminary student to a great founder of the theory of evolution that overthrew "creationism" and "species invariance" and made epoch-making contributions to science. All these show that scientists "don't respect each other, only suffer from virtue disrespect;" The noble virtue of "not being ashamed of your partner, but being ashamed of your wisdom" also reveals that students can only succeed if they have noble sentiments and excellent moral character, and the beauty of mind is of decisive significance to everyone.
2.3 Rich aesthetic feeling
The process of biology teaching is the process of transmitting beauty, which closely links the scientific beauty of the law of life activities with the colorful beauty of nature, so that students can not only acquire knowledge, but also appreciate the beauty of nature and cherish life more. By telling the principle of vegetative propagation of underground stems and roots, the teacher made the students really understand Bai Juyi's poem "The mountain fire never dies, and the spring breeze blows high". Students have learned the knowledge of bud development, and can better imagine the beautiful scenery of "I don't know who planted the thin leaves in spring, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors"; If students verify the formation of red anthocyanins in autumn leaves, they will also learn from Du Mu's "Stop and sit in the maple forest late" and appreciate "Frosty leaves are red in February flowers". Only by learning the "truth" of science can we enrich the "beauty" of nature and have a beautiful emotion, a beautiful realm and a beautiful mind.
3. Enrich students' aesthetic practical experience, express beauty and create beauty.
Biology is still an experimental science. Giving full play to the practical advantages of biology teaching can enrich students' aesthetic practical experience and cultivate and improve students' ability to appreciate, express, express and create beauty.
Teachers can organize students to carry out the following teaching practice activities to improve students' aesthetic ability: 1) Field practice: If conditions permit, teachers should organize students to go out of school, collect specimens in the field as far as possible, or observe the habitats and living habits of animals and plants, or do ecological surveys, so that students can immerse themselves in the embrace of nature, fully appreciate the beauty of nature, stimulate their creative enthusiasm, and inspire them to sublimate their feelings of beauty into inspiration for creating beauty and create writers' beauty and beauty. 2) Specimen making: It can not only train students' practical ability, but also "study in America". Students make butterfly specimens with different colors and strange shapes, and use taxonomic knowledge to box and display them, which not only enriches students' knowledge of entomology, but also enables students to recreate beauty; 3) Supplementary extracurricular experiments: Using biology interest groups, teachers can design some supplementary experiments. For example, when high school biology talks about nutritional reproduction, students can be guided to carry out grafting experiments on red roses, so that white, yellow or pink buds can grow on red roses, so that students can not only experience the hardships of labor, but also get the happiness of creating beauty and harvesting beauty. Involving ecological knowledge, organize students to carry out practical activities such as beautifying the environment, planting trees, pruning trees and managing nurseries. To stimulate students' creative enthusiasm for beautifying life; 4) Design and make simple handicrafts: instruct students to process, treat and dye the green leaves of osmanthus fragrans with clear veins, and then make them into various veins bookmarks or cut and paste them into decorative paintings; Paste the seeds of different colors and shapes on the cardboard, and "draw" beautiful patterns with the seeds. Students can give full play to their imagination in the process of design and production, and combine biological beauty with art to fully display it.
As a biology teacher, we should also carefully study teaching materials and teaching methods, carefully design teaching practice activities and actively use modern teaching methods to further guide students to feel biological beauty, explore spiritual beauty and improve their ability to create beauty, thus promoting the improvement of students' aesthetic quality.