Edit this paragraph's growth habits

It likes a warm and humid climate and is not cold-tolerant. It can survive the winter safely only when it is above 3℃, and it can bloom when it is above 15℃. Likes plenty of light. The soil requirements are not strict, and it grows well in well-drained, mineral-rich clayey loam, and is resistant to barrenness, alkali, drought, bougainvillea

water accumulation, and resistance to pruning. Bougainvillea is native to Brazil in South America. It was only introduced to Europe for cultivation in the 1830s and is now cultivated in various parts of our country. It likes a warm, humid and sunny environment and is not cold-tolerant. Except for the southern region in my country, it can be cultivated in the open field for overwintering, while other regions require potted cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. The most suitable soil is sandy loam with good drainage. Bougainvillea is commonly propagated by cuttings, and it is easy to raise seedlings. In May and June, cut mature lignified branches, 20 cm long, insert them into a sand pot, cover them with glass, and keep them moist. They will take root in about a month and bloom after two years of cultivation. The flowering period of the whole plant is very long, up to three or four months. During the flowering period, there are many fallen flowers and leaves, which need to be removed in time to keep them fresh and beautiful. Clover is a vine and easy to propagate. You only need to cut its stems into the soil in early spring or late autumn, and they will take root and grow branches and leaves in a month. It can bloom in the second year. Its flowering period is very long, usually about January. The flowering period of bougainvillea is long, with abundant and beautiful flowers. In the south, the general flowering period is from October of the current year to early June of the following year.

Edit this paragraph's cultivation techniques

Cultivation overview

"Cultivation soil selection" Bougainvillea does not have strict soil requirements, but it is afraid of water accumulation and cannot tolerate waterlogging. , therefore, it is necessary to choose loose and well-drained culture soil. Generally, you can use culture soil prepared with 4 parts of humus soil, 4 parts of garden soil, and 2 parts of sand. You can also use sun-dried pond mud mixed with some coal cake residue as pot soil. "Reasonable fertilization" To make bougainvillea bloom more, sufficient nutrients must be ensured. At the same time, fertilization must be timely and appropriate and used rationally. Generally, from April to the peak growth period of bougainvillea in July, liquid fertilizer should be applied every 7 to 10 days to promote strong plant growth. The fertilizer can be 10% to 20% decomposed bean cake or rapeseed cake water. Or human feces water, etc. Beginning in August, in order to promote the growth of flower buds, fertilize mainly with phosphorus fertilizer. Fertilize once every 10 days. You can use 20% of decomposed chicken, duck, pigeon manure and fish offal and other liquid fertilizers. The flowering period begins in October. From this time to mid-November, fertilizers based on phosphate fertilizer need to be applied every half month, with a fertilizer-water concentration of 30% to 40%. In the future, top dressing should be applied after each flowering, so that the bougainvillea will continue to receive nutrients during the flowering period. "Control water before blooming." When watering bougainvillea, follow the principle of "don't water it dry, water it thoroughly". But to make bougainvillea bloom neatly and with many flowers, water must be controlled before blooming. Begin to control the watering of bougainvillea in September. Each watering should wait until the pot soil is dry and the branches and leaves are soft and drooping. Repeat this for half a month, and then resume normal watering after half a month. Do not fertilize during the water control period to avoid fertilizer burns to the roots. In this way, in about a month, the bougainvillea will begin to bud and bloom, and the flowers will bloom neatly and prosperously. "Loose soil, weeding and repotting" Bougainvillea pot soil is prone to compaction due to long-term watering, fertilization and rain erosion. Therefore, the soil must be loosened regularly and weeds in the pot soil must be removed to facilitate the growth of bougainvillea. Otherwise, the pot soil will become hardened and water will accumulate, which may easily cause root rot or poor growth of the bougainvillea. In addition, bougainvillea grows quickly, has a well-developed root system and many fibrous roots, so it needs to be repotted once a year. "Proper pruning is required" Bougainvillea grows rapidly. During the growth period, attention should be paid to shaping and pruning to promote the growth of side branches and produce more flowering branches. The number of pruning is generally 1 to 3 times. It should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the number of blooms. After each flowering, the remaining flowers should be removed promptly to reduce nutrient consumption. After the flowering period, overly dense branches, inner branches, leggy branches, and weak branches should be thinned out. Other branches are generally not pruned or only the branches are slightly pruned. It is not advisable to prune heavily to shorten the next growth period and promote the growth of the plant. It blooms early and multiple times. Bougainvillea

"Pay attention to light and ventilation" Bougainvillea is a positive plant. In order to make the branches and leaves grow normally and increase the number of blooms, the bougainvillea must be placed in a location with sufficient light and good ventilation to let it Get 8 to 12 hours of light every day. If the location is often shaded, the plants will become elongated and the number of flowers will be reduced. If the placement is not ventilated or the pots are placed too densely between pots, the leaves will fall off. Especially in hot summer, sudden heat and rain can easily cause large areas of leaves to fall off, thus affecting the growth and flowering of the plants. "Strengthening pest and disease control" Common pests of bougainvillea include leaf beetles and aphids, and common diseases include dieback. It is necessary to strengthen soil loosening and weeding, promptly remove dead branches and diseased leaves, and pay attention to ventilation to reduce the spread of disease sources. Strengthen the examination of the condition, and deal with it promptly if the condition is discovered. Solutions such as dimethoate and thiophanate can be used for prevention and treatment.

Management points

1. The optimum temperature for growth is 15-30℃, of which 19-30℃ is from May to September, and 13-16℃ from October to April of the following year. , can withstand high temperatures of 35°C in summer. The temperature was photographed at Bougainvillea in Huangguoshu Park

When it exceeds 35°C, appropriate shading or water spraying, ventilation and other measures should be taken. In winter, it should be maintained at no less than 5 ℃ ambient temperature, otherwise when the temperature is below 5 ℃ for a long time, it will be susceptible to freezing and falling leaves.

Triangle flower needs a temperature above 15℃ to bloom. In order to extend the flowering period, it should be moved indoors in time before the cold snap in early winter, placed in a sunny place, and maintained at a high ambient temperature (it can continue to bloom during New Year's Day and Spring Festival) 2. Light Triangle flowers like light and are positive flowers. Insufficient light during the growing season will cause the plant to weaken and affect bud growth and flowering. Therefore, seedlings that are newly potted throughout the year should be placed in semi-shade. In winter, it should be placed in front of a south-facing window, and the lighting time should not be less than 8 hours, otherwise a large number of leaves will easily fall. For short-day flowers, the lighting time is controlled to about 9 hours a day, and they can bud and bloom after one and a half months. 3. Moisture: Water should be watered once a day in spring and autumn. In summer, water can be watered once a day in the morning and evening. In winter, the temperature is low and the plants are in a dormant state. Watering should be controlled to keep the pot soil moist. Appropriate water control during the growing season of potted plants can promote the differentiation of flower buds; from June to July, Triangle flowers are in the vigorous growth stage, and the water can be appropriately controlled 2-3 times according to different varieties (the degree of wilting of young shoots and new leaf tips is the worst) degree), spray water on the leaves 1-2 times a day, and then water thoroughly after 2-3 days (based on the water flowing out from the bottom of the basin). Repeating the water control several times can effectively promote the differentiation of flower buds. After the flower buds appear, water them every morning and evening. Once, spray water on the leaves 1-2 times at the same time until they bloom. They cannot tolerate water accumulation. During the rainy season, prevent water accumulation to avoid plant root rot and death. 4. Soil Triangle flowers like loose, fertile, slightly acidic soil and avoid waterlogging. When potting, you can use one part each of leaf mold soil, peat soil, sand soil, and garden soil, and add a small amount of decomposed cake residue as base fertilizer, and mix it to form a culture soil. . Flowering plants should be repotted and soiled once a year, preferably in early spring before they sprout. When repotting, use scissors to cut off overdensified and aging branches. 5. Fertilizer In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer in the pot soil, top dressing should also be applied during the growing season. Along with the repotting, 10-15 pieces of cake fertilizer can be applied to each pot according to the size of the plant, and then topdressing once every half month with thin cake fertilizer water and adding 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which can not only accelerate its vegetative growth, but also It can promote the differentiation of flower buds. After budding, apply quick-acting fertilizers mainly composed of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. You can add a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the thin cake fertilizer water, and spray 0.1%-0.2% dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves at the same time. Potassium solution, water alum fertilizer once a week during the flowering period, and spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves. 6. Pruning: Bougainvillea grows vigorously, so it needs to be pruned every year and re-pruned every 5 years. The time can be carried out every spring or after flowering. Cut off dense branches, dry branches, diseased and weak branches, cross branches, etc. to promote new branches. After the leaves and flowers fall during the flowering period, they should be cleaned up in time. Remove remaining flowers promptly after flowering. During the growth period, the tops should be pinched in time to promote the growth of side branches, facilitate the formation of flower buds, and promote luxuriant flowering. Old plants can be cut back shorter. Bougainvillea has climbing characteristics, so this characteristic can be used to tie and shape it into shapes such as garlands, flower baskets, and flower balls. If necessary, brackets can also be set up to create various shapes, such as styles. 7． Flowering Period Control If you want to see bougainvillea during the National Day, you can place the pot in a dark room in advance to avoid light, because it is a short-day flower. Around the beginning of August, place the potted bougainvillea in an environment that does not leak light. From 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. on the next day, there will be no light at all. Keep this for 50 days, spraying water every day to cool down. Water normally and add phosphorus, potassium liquid fertilizer or hoof fertilizer every week. In this way, you can see the gorgeous bougainvillea on National Day. Note: 1. Due to slow growth or dormancy of plants in hot summer and winter, fertilization should be stopped to avoid fertilizer damage. 2． Do not apply thick fertilizer or raw fertilizer (organic fertilizer that has not been fully decomposed) to prevent damage to the roots, causing leaf scorch to fall off, or even the death of the entire plant.

Propagation and cultivation

Cutting, high-pressure and grafting methods are often used for propagation. The best time to take cuttings is from March to June. High-pressure propagation takes about one month to take root. Transplanting is best in spring. Topping should be done during the growth period to promote differentiation of flower buds and the germination of side branches. The optimal temperature for potted plants in temperate zones is 15 to 30°C. It likes a warm and humid climate and is not cold-tolerant. It is a short-day plant that cannot differentiate flower buds under long-day conditions. It likes light and is not shade-tolerant. In the south, it can be overwintered in the open field, while in the north, it can be cultivated as a potted flower in a greenhouse. The soil requirements are not strict, but soft and fertile soil is suitable for potted plants. It likes plenty of water and fertilizer, and is extremely intolerant to drought. Insufficient water supply during the growth period may cause leaf fall!

Attention:

Cuttings: Cut 2-year-old branches into 10 cm long cuttings and insert them into culture soil (add plain sand and soil 1/3 humus or sawdust, add appropriate amount of water and mix well), seal it with plastic film after inserting. When the temperature is between 20°C and 25°C, roots can take root in 25 days and can be divided into pots in 2 to 3 months. High cuttings: If you want to obtain ideal new seedlings, you should use high-altitude cuttings for propagation. This method does not affect the growth of the original plant and can obtain complete new seedlings, so it is often used by home flower growers. The method is simple, has a high survival rate, is convenient for later transplantation, and is easy to manage. Soil and fertilizer: Use ordinary soil, add half of the humus, add a small amount of base fertilizer, stir evenly and put it in the pot. Watering: Let the tap water dry for more than 24 hours, and the water temperature should be compatible with the external environment temperature. The soil in the pot is dry and wet at first sight, so do not overwater to prevent root rot. Insulation and moisturizing: Bougainvillea is suitable for normal growth and flowering at a temperature of 15°C to 25°C, and requires 4 to 6 hours of light every day.

In northern winter, the heating room is dry and needs to be moisturized. Spray water frequently or cover it with a plastic bag to keep it warm. Top dressing: Make your own liquid fertilizer by retting it with fish scales, offal or pig, chicken and mutton bones. After fermentation, apply a thin fertilizer (one part fertilizer solution to three parts water) every 10 days, and never apply thick fertilizer. Add acid: Bougainvillea is a southern flower that grows best in a soil environment with a pH value of 6.0 to 7.0. The water and soil in the north are highly alkaline, so ferrous sulfate solution can be applied once a month. Toxicity: The stems of Bougainvillea are poisonous. Eating 12-20 pieces can cause diarrhea, bloody stools, etc.

Edit this section on pest control

Leaf spot disease

The lesions are initially yellow-brown with a yellow-green halo around them, and then expand into a nearly round or round shape. Irregular lesions with dark brown edges. In the later stages, small black dots appear on the lesions. Prevention and treatment methods: If you find a small number of disease spots, you can apply Dacnin cream ointment on them, and cut off the branches with more disease. In the early stage of the disease, you can generally use 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times for prevention and treatment, spray every 7-10 days 1 time. In severe cases, according to actual experience, spray again on the fourth day, and then spray once every 7 days. 3-4 times in a row, the prevention and treatment effect is good.

Brown spot disease

It damages the leaves and produces yellow-brown to light brown lesions with a diameter of 0.1-0.5 cm on the leaf surface. Prevention and treatment methods: If a small number of diseased leaves are found, remove and burn them in time. In the early stage of the disease, use 70% manganese zinc wettable powder 400 times, spray once every 10 days, 3 to 4 times in a row.

Scale Insects

In an environment with poor lighting, poor ventilation, high temperature and high humidity, various scale insects are prone to piercing and sucking damage. Prevention and control methods: Spray with 45% malathion emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times.

Edit this paragraph to shape and encourage flowers

Style

(1) Flower basket type: that is, under the premise of trimming the flowers into a large plane, on the flower plane Leave a 500-600mm long branch at each diagonal corner, gently bend the branches inward, overlap at 100-200mm, and tie them together to form the handle of a flower basket. This is a flower basket type. Bougainvillea

(2), multi-tower type: cut out all the side branches, leaving only one or three upright branches. If three branches are left, they must be tied or braided together until they grow to the ideal size. height, cut off the top to allow side buds to germinate, and remove excess buds at intervals of 400-500mm to form a multi-tower shape. (3) Cliff type: The binding method is used to make some branches droop, like a cliff, which is called cliff type.

To encourage flowers

Full pattern: that is, the whole tree is in flowers. The method to promote flowering is to apply a 1:1:1 compound fertilizer 45 days in advance and then control the water. After the leaves wilt, add a small amount of water and combine it with leaf spray. Repeat this until all the leaves fall off, then water thoroughly. What is born at this time will be a tree full of flowers. This process must be carried out under full sunlight.

Edit this section on flowering period control

Main problems

Dumb bud phenomenon, time misalignment, flower color deterioration, etc. (1) The flower buds grown on the plant cannot open normally, which is called dumb bud phenomenon. There are many reasons for the dumb bud phenomenon, such as: soil drought, insufficient fertilizer, sustained high temperature, etc. can all cause this phenomenon. In many cases dumb buds are caused by overwatering of plants that have been exposed to drought in a short period of time. The transformation of meristematic tissue into reproductive tissue is not an irreversible process, and reproductive cones can be reversed into vegetative cones under certain conditions. When external conditions are suitable, the reproductive growth of many plant species will be inhibited and begin to enter a state of vegetative growth. Therefore, when controlling water and flowers for bougainvillea, remember to gradually increase the amount of water after water control. (2) Time misalignment often means that the flowering period of the plants to be controlled is advanced or delayed. To advance the flowering period, you can slow down the blooming of flowers by stopping top dressing, shading, lowering ambient temperature and other measures. Delayed flowering period is troublesome. When it is close to the scheduled flowering period, conventional management cannot reverse the situation. Therefore, corresponding measures should be taken several weeks before the scheduled flowering period to allow the plants to grow and develop normally and ensure that the flowers bloom as scheduled. In order to ensure that ornamental plants can bloom at the scheduled time, you can increase flowering by applying additional fertilizer, especially foliar fertilization. The most commonly used method is to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate (concentration: 0.2-0.5%) on the plants once every few days to induce flowering. Processing in this way and appropriately increasing the light is quite effective in promoting rapid expansion of flower buds and normal opening. For facility cultivation, the temperature inside the bougainvillea facility can also be increased. For most ornamental plants, increasing the ambient temperature can effectively promote the rapid blooming of flowers.

Flower control in ground planting

After bougainvillea is planted on the ground, it is often difficult for the flowers to bloom normally due to excessive pruning and difficulty in controlling water. Since the water and fertilizer conditions are sufficient after planting in the ground, the growth is rapid. In order not to affect the safety of traffic and pedestrians, the new branches of the bougainvillea are pruned. The result of pruning is that the flower buds cannot form normally under natural conditions.

Because the flowers of bougainvillea are clustered at the top, the newly sprouted young branches should be pruned; at the same time, the growth of the root system of bougainvillea planted on the ground is not restricted and can absorb underground soil water and nutrients at different heights, which is not conducive to its growth during the flowering period. Control of nutrients and water prevents the conversion of vegetative growth into reproductive growth and promotes the formation of flower buds.

In order to make the bougainvillea bloom in full bloom on traffic thoroughfares and enter the flowering period in advance, it is necessary to conduct intermittent water control before flowering. If you want to bloom during the National Day, you should choose strong adult plants in late July. Depending on whether the weather is sunny and the air is dry or humid, If necessary, water should be deducted intermittently to promote flowering. Do not water for 10-12 consecutive days. Observe the soil. When the soil is dry and white, the branches are slightly drooping due to water loss, and the leaves are withered and yellow, pour some water. Then continue to dewater, repeat this for 2-3 times. Once, the growth of its top stops, nutrients are concentrated, and the differentiation of flower buds is promoted. When a blush appears on the top of the branch, water it thoroughly and apply superphosphate every two weeks. It will enter the full flowering period in 40-50 days.

After flowering

If there is too much mechanical damage during transportation, the temperature of the carriage is too high or the transportation time is too long and other adverse environmental conditions, it may cause a large number of flower buds to fall. Moving blooming bougainvillea potted flowers indoors for viewing will also cause the same problem due to insufficient light, seriously affecting the viewing quality. Therefore, how to prevent flower buds from falling has become an important issue. As early as 1972, American scholars recommended that bougainvillea potted flowers be sprayed with naa30ppm before shipment, which can slow down the falling of flower buds caused by the adverse environment during transportation; Japanese experts also pointed out Treatment with 2.4-d20ppm or naa50ppm seven days and two days before shipment of bougainvillea potted flowers is a practical method to effectively prevent bougainvillea leaves and bracts from falling off during transportation; some scholars in Taiwan believe that: 25-50ppm Both naa can effectively increase the lifespan of bougainvillea flower buds in low-light environments, especially when the flower buds develop to their maximum. The effect is most significant, and can extend the lifespan 3-4 times more than the untreated control group.

In addition, foreign scholars have pointed out that treating bougainvillea potted flowers with sts0.5mm can effectively prevent the flower buds from falling off and increase the indoor viewing time. Taiwanese scholars further discussed and pointed out that silver thiosulfate sts (30 or 150mg