Cultivation method of potted red plum The important thing of potted red plum is to maintain the environment. Hongmei likes sunshine, so it must be placed in a place with plenty of sunshine and good air circulation. Hongmei is afraid of water accumulation, so it is necessary to flexibly control the watering amount according to the weather change and growth. The general principle is to keep the soil moist, and don't water them.
Hongmei likes fertilizer. Organic fertilizer should be applied to the bottom of the basin after the flowers wither every year, and thin fertilizer can be applied every half month during the growing period to promote their growth and health. It is better to apply more phosphate fertilizer before the flower buds form.
If potted red plum wants to have more buds, controlling the length of branches is the key. Pruning is mainly to control the tree shape and should be carried out in time after flowering. In the future, short branches don't need pruning except long branches. It is best not to prune them after summer, or the accumulated nutrients will be cut off. Combined with fertilization, water control and long sunshine, the buds should be full after autumn.
Pruning of red plums can also be done in time after the flowers wither every year, which can shorten the old flower branches and leave two or three buds, and pay attention to making the buds grow outward. Cross branches, parallel branches, overlapping branches, opposite branches, long branches and branches that are too dense and too thin to affect the beauty of the tree should be thinned.
Potted red berries generally need to be turned every 1 to 2 years, and the time is arranged after flowering. When turning over the basin, about one third of the old soil should be removed, the dead roots should be cut off, the long old roots should be shortened, and the humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich humus-rich lime soil and sand should be mixed together to make the basin soil fertile, loose and permeable, and the soil should not be mixed.
How to make red plum bonsai 1 and the process of putting it on the pot
Choice of pot: Red plum should use purple sand pottery pot or glazed pottery pot, generally not too shallow. Inclined and curved dry pots are mostly medium-deep manger pots or round pots, square pots and hexagonal pots. Cliff-style thousand pots.
Soil: Red plum is not strict with soil, and loose, permeable and humus-rich loam is better. Frozen and brittle pond soil mixed with 30 ~ 40% rice bran ash is often used as culture soil for potted plants.
Planting; Plum blossom should be held in11~ 65438+February, or after flowering. Generally, the seeds should be planted obliquely, which is convenient for modeling. Before planting, you can trim it once. Base fertilizer can be placed on the basin bottom.
2, full posture technology:
Processing: Red plum modeling mostly adopts "rough binding and fine shearing". When the diameter of the trunk reaches 1 cm, it can be climbed and tied, and the lateral branches can also be roughly tied, with brown silk or metal wire, and the rest can be trimmed. For the newly born flower branches every year, according to the needs of modeling, brown silk can also be used for climbing and binding. The processing of trunk and big branches should be in winter, and the processing of new branches should be in autumn and September. Be careful not to hurt the bud.
Tree shape: The ancients had many evaluation criteria for the shape of red plum. For example, "Mei wins with rhyme, with high lattice, oblique and thin, with old branches strange, more expensive". "Plums are four expensive: expensive and rare, not expensive and complicated; Your old age is not expensive; Your thinness is not expensive and fat; Is it expensive to drive? " "Mei takes pleasure as beauty, but straight is without posture; Take beauty as beauty, and the law has no scenery; Sparse is beautiful, and secret is stateless. " And the bonsai of red plum in China is modeled according to the above principles. Generally speaking, the trunk should be inclined and the branches and leaves should be sparse, but not just sparse. It should be sparse and dense, and the density should be appropriate and picturesque.
Cultivation management of potted red plum 1 Choice of pot and soil: it is best to choose a pottery pot with good water permeability and air permeability, or a teapot. But don't use porcelain pots and plastic pots. It is best to use loose and breathable soil, and 40% garden soil, 30% cinder and 30% humus can be used together.
2. Trim and change pots: Red plum branches are thick and resistant to pruning. Only in that year can the branches form flower buds, so they should be pruned at 1 year/time. After flowering or when the flowers will wither and the leaf buds begin to sprout, cut off the dense branches and weak branches, leaving 2 ~ 3 bud eyes at the base of each branch, and cut off all the others. At the same time, change the flowerpot upside down every 2 ~ 3 years 1 time. First, knock the plum plants out of the pot, remove the original soil 1/3 ~ 1/2, cut off the rotten roots, apply a proper amount of base fertilizer, add the prepared pot soil, plant them compactly, water them, and move them to the sunny place for management.
3. Watering: The principle of watering potted plums is both wet and dry. If you don't do it, water it thoroughly. When the branches and leaves wither for a long time, they should be watered with small water for 2 ~ 3 days to gradually restore their vitality. It is forbidden to irrigate immediately with big water, resulting in a large number of fallen leaves and even death. In June, when the branches grow to 15 ~ 20cm, the flower buds begin to differentiate. At this time, water withholding should be implemented, that is, reducing the amount of water to make the top of plum plants wilt, and then watering a small amount of water. Do this for 2 ~ 3 times continuously, so that the top of plum plant will wither completely and stop growing, and then return to normal watering. This method is difficult to master. The simple method is to top the branches when they grow to 15 ~ 20 cm, and then pick them if new buds grow at the top. Only when the top stops growing can the flower buds grow well and bloom normally. Old water should be poured every time to make the water temperature basically consistent with the basin soil.
4. Fertilization: In addition to applying an appropriate amount of base fertilizer when changing pots after pruning in spring, dilute and decomposed bean cake water or other decomposed organic fertilizers can be applied after flowering. Apply fertilizer 1 time every half month in spring and autumn, apply thin fertilizer frequently, and avoid thick fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly applied in summer and autumn, and can be watered with 2/ 1000 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or sprayed on the leaves twice a month1~ until flowering.
5. Control the flowering period: in winter, the leaves of red plum are backward, so move them to an ice-free cold room or put them on a low-temperature balcony, and pay attention to opening the window for ventilation, so that they will be stimulated by low temperature for a period of time. At the same time, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, spray water around branches and flowerpots every day to keep the air moist. The temperature rises around 65438+ 10 before the Spring Festival. At first, the room temperature was kept at about 10 degrees Celsius, and sufficient sunshine was given. Before the Spring Festival 15 ~ 20 degrees Celsius 10 days, the room temperature was raised to 15, so that it could bloom in the season.
6. Pest control: Powdery mildew and bituminous coal disease may occur in summer with high temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation. 70% thiophanate methyl powder 1500 times or 50% carbendazim powder 1000 times can be sprayed for control. Common pests are aphids and spiders, which can be killed or sprayed with 1/5000 1/deltamethrin,12-3 times a week, and the effect is good. Do not use DDV and dimethoate to avoid plant poisoning and death.