Chinese name: Lilac
Latin scientific name: clove
Nickname: Lilac
Field: the field of plants
Door: angiosperm magnolia door
Class: Subclass Dicotyledonous Magnolia
Objective: Myrtaceae Myrtacene plants.
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Sycamore is Sycamore.
Type: Lilac
Distribution: Indonesia, Zanzibar, Madagascar, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
catalogue
Biological characteristics and biomorphology
major constituent
Literature review of pharmacological research
Modern research
Medicinal material identification
major function
Medical cases
Contraindications to drugs
Related stories, ancient stories
Modern story
Biological characteristics and biomorphology
major constituent
Literature review of pharmacological research
Modern research
Medicinal material identification
major function
Medical cases
Contraindications to drugs
Related stories, ancient stories
Modern story
Expand and edit the biological characteristics of this paragraph.
Biological form
The traditional Chinese medicine "clove" is actually a clove of Myrtaceae. Clove, clove and clove are from Kaibao Materia Medica, and their medicinal properties are discussed. On Lei Gong Kao: "Every envoy (clove) has a public mother, and the male and the female are big, which looks like dates. The Chinese medicine clove is actually a clove of Myrtaceae. "
Nuclear energy. Among the prescriptions, women are more powerful, and men are used in ointment. Kaibao Materia Medica: "Lilacs are picked in February and August. Judging from the pictures of lilacs sent from Guangzhou, the tree is more than ten feet high, with leaves like oak leaves, round and thin flowers, yellow flowers and no carving in winter. Doctors only use tree roots. Children are like nails, three or four minutes long and purple. Some are as thick as dogwood and are female cloves, which can be used as medicine in the heart. " Pinyin: The Chinese translation of Dθng Xiāng clove is Arabic or Persian gomode, which is mainly produced in China, Persia, Sanfo Qi, Xilan and other places, and is recorded in many ancient books, such as Materia Medica, Meng Qian Bitan, Translation Collection, Fayuan Zhu Lin and Waiji Answer. "Zhufanzhi" Volume Download: "Lilac is a big food-eating country with a T-shape, hence the name. You can breathe and play with things. The oldest one is called Lilac Mother. Lilac mother is also a chicken tongue. Or the chicken tongue is fragrant, and the Millennium jujube is also real. " Persian: gomode Latin name: Clove, clove, clove English name: Clove Japanese name: ラィック alias: clove [bud] and clove [fruit]. Evergreen trees, up to 10 m. Leaves opposite; Petiole is obvious; Leaf blade oblong or oblong obovate, 5- 10 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide, apex acuminate or acute, base narrow, often spreading downward into stalk, entire. The flowers are fragrant, forming a terminal cyme with a flower diameter of about 6 mm; Calyx is thick, turns purple after green, long tubular, with 4-lobed apex and triangular lobes; Corolla white, purplish, short tube prostrate, 4-lobed; Stamens are numerous, anthers are longitudinally dehiscent; The ovary is inferior, connate with calyx tube, with thick style and inconspicuous stigma. Berry is reddish brown, rectangular, 1- 1.5 cm long, 5-8 mm in diameter, with sepals at the top. The seeds are rectangular. Nail-shaped reddish-brown flower buds are the raw materials of essential oils. The average height of trees is about 5 ~ 6 meters. Mainly produced in Sri Lanka, Guava and Madagascar. It is made by distillation. Its fragrance is a little fresh moss and woody flowers, which is indispensable for perfume making. Often added to wine, the essential oil is transparent and colorless.
major constituent
The flower bud contains volatile oil, namely clove oil, mainly eugenol, acetoeugenol and a small amount of α -and β -syringone. Humulone, Chavicol and α -ylanene followed. There are four kinds of flavone derivatives in flower buds, all of which are flavone aglycones, and two of them are rhamnetin and kaempferol. There are oleanolic acid, fuchsin, syringin, isosyringin and so on. Medicinal clove and ornamental clove are two completely different plants. Ornamental lilacs Ornamental flowers and trees "Lilacs" are actually lilacs. Oleaceae. It is a completely different plant from the previous species, so don't confuse it. Lilac of Oleaceae likes sunshine and tolerates semi-shade.
Lilac Chinese paintings (6 paintings) are adaptable, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, and less pests and diseases. Appropriate use of good drainage, loose neutral soil, avoid acid soil. Avoid waterlogging and damp heat. Lilac likes sunshine, is more tolerant to shade and likes to be moist, but it avoids water accumulation, is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, and generally does not need to be watered more. Cloves need fertile soil and well-drained sand. Lilacs don't like big fat. Don't apply too much fertilizer, otherwise it will affect flowering. Flowers and trees | Woods | Indoor potted plants, lilac plants are mainly used for garden viewing. Because of its unique fragrance, huge lush inflorescences, elegant and harmonious colors and plump and beautiful posture, it has long enjoyed a good reputation among ornamental flowers and trees, and has become an indispensable flower in domestic and foreign gardens. It can be planted on the roadside, lawn or sunny slope, along the forest edge with other flowers and trees, alone in front of the courtyard and outside the window, or interspersed with various lilacs to form a special lilac garden. It is also suitable for potted plants and is a good material for cutting flowers into bottles. Clove has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, so it is also a good material for greening and beautifying industrial and mining areas. Sadness products Ancient poets often wrote sadness with cloves. Because lilacs bloom in clusters like knots. It's called "Ding Knot, Hundred Knots Flowers". There is a saying in Li Shangyin's "Gift" that "the banana does not show lilac knots". Lilac symbolizes noble, beautiful and sad things in literary works. Cloves should be transplanted before germination in early spring. In the transplanting hole, first apply enough base fertilizer, cover a layer of soil on the base fertilizer, and then fill the seedlings with soil. After planting, water it once, and then water it 2-3 times to survive. Clove has strong adaptability and extensive management. As long as we pay attention to weeding, preventing waterlogging in rainy season and watering in drought, we can grow smoothly. Lilacs don't like big fat, so don't apply too much fertilizer, lest the branches grow white and affect flowering. Generally, before winter, decomposed compost can be applied once a year or once every other year. Before the clove sprouts in mid-March, it should be pruned, and the dense branches, weak branches and pest branches should be desulfurized, and the middle branches should be cut off to make the crown ventilated and transparent. Lilac of Oleaceae
If there is no seed left after the flower withers, the residual flower and two buds at the lower part of the ear can be cut off to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the germination of new branches and the formation of flower buds. After defoliation, it can also be pruned once to ensure that the crown is round and beautiful, which is conducive to growth and flowering in the coming year. Lilac diseases and insect pests are rare. The main pests are aphids, marsupials and moths. It can be controlled by spraying 800- 1000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion or 1000 times of 25% imiphos emulsion. There are also white lilacs, red lilacs, purple lilacs, lotus lilacs, lobular lilacs, mosaic lilacs and four seasons lilacs. In France, "when lilacs are in full bloom" means when the climate is at its best. The lucky flower for people whose birthdays are in May 17 or June 12 is lilac. In the west, this flower symbolizes "the innocence, first love and humility of young people".
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Literature discussion
The traditional Chinese medicine "clove" is actually clove 1 of Myrtaceae, and the theory of Lei Gong's processing: Ren Shi (clove). There is a public mother, the male is small and the female is big, like a jujube pit. Among the prescriptions, women are more powerful, and men are used in ointment. 2, "Kaibao Materia Medica": Lilacs, picked in February and August. Judging from the pictures of lilacs sent from Guangzhou, the tree is more than ten feet high, with leaves like oak leaves, round and thin flowers, yellow flowers and no carving in winter. Doctors only use tree roots. Children are like nails, three or four minutes long, purple, and some are as thick as dogwood. They are often called female cloves and can be used as medicine for the heart. Treat swelling and pain, wind-toxic swelling and pain, toothache NIW. 3, "Materia Medica": Lilac, its main warm spleen and stomach, stop cholera swelling, cover the spleen and stomach as the official of the warehouse, cold diet, hurt the spleen and stomach, stay but not go, it is full of blood stasis, it is extravagant and turbulent, pungent and warm spleen and stomach but stagnant gas, then cholera stops swelling and disappears. Tooth scabbing is also due to Yangming's damp-heat attack. If Yangming's evil is dispersed, scabbing will be removed by itself. For those who treat wind and toxic swelling, the pungent smell can disperse and the aroma can also remove filth. 4, "Herbal Xuan Tong": lavender, warm and invigorating the stomach, must be used as medicine. One use is multi-purpose, which is easy to infringe and hurt the lungs and eyes. 5, "New Edition of Materia Medica": Lilac, there are male and female points, in fact, there is no difference in treatment. It is best used for diseases with straight yin channels, but not for typhoid fever. 6, "Take Materia Medica": Lilac, take Schisandra to treat dolphins, and use sugar cane and ginger juice to treat retching. Cinnamon can warm the body, and cloves can warm the body and stomach. 7. "The Theory of Medicinal Properties": Treating abdominal pain caused by air conditioning. Herbal medicine of sea medicine: treating malnutrition and bone groove fatigue and odor. Treat qi, blacken hair, kill insects, treat five hemorrhoids and eliminate evil. Treat nipple flower, stop five-color toxic dysentery, strengthen body resistance and stop heart and abdominal pain. 8. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": Treating halitosis, nausea, kidney qi, flushing dolphin qi, yin pain, strengthening yang, warming waist and knees, killing alcoholism, eliminating malnutrition and dispelling cold fatigue. 9. "Herbal Mencius": Stop qi and go against qi. 10, Outline: Treating deficiency, vomiting and diarrhea in children, acne, stomach deficiency and gray hair. 1 1, materia medica: warm and fast. Treat upper jiao hiccup, except stomach cold and diarrhea, with seven emotions and five depression. 12, Materia Medica: Treating chest pain, vaginal pain and warming yin. 13, medical forest compilation: nourishing the liver and moistening the life gate, warming the stomach to remove the middle cold, purging the lungs and dispersing rheumatism. 14, rejuvenation of materia medica: opening nine orifices, relieving qi, expelling wind and benefiting water. 15, materia medica: treating chronic dyspepsia, flatulence and uterine hernia. Source: Lilac. [fragrance e. ; Clove Chinese medicine "Clove" is actually a clove of Myrtaceae.
Merr. et Perry], with flower buds and their fruits as medicine. The bud is called male or male clove, and the fruit is called female or female clove. When the buds begin to turn white, gradually turn green and finally turn bright red, they can be harvested. Remove the pedicels from the collected flower buds and dry them in the sun. Efficacy: Warm the middle warmer, warm the kidney and reduce adverse reactions. Indications: Treatment of hiccups, vomiting, nausea, dysentery, chills and pains, addiction, hernia and tinea. Tropism of nature and taste: pungent and warm. ① "Kaibao Materia Medica": "pungent, warm and nontoxic." Enter stomach, spleen and kidney meridians. ① Herbal soup: "It begins with Taiyin, Foot Yangming and Shaoyin Meridian." ② Description of the Properties of Leigong's Processed Drugs: "Entering the four meridians of lung, spleen, stomach and kidney." 3 "New Edition of Materia Medica": "Cloves are divided into female and male. In fact, there is no difference between the two treatments. Pungent, warm, pure yang, nontoxic. Enter the kidney and stomach and return to the Taiyin lung. " Appropriate taboos: people with colds, stomachaches, nausea, hiccups and vomiting should eat; People with bad breath should eat. Bogey: people with hiccups or thirst, bitter taste and dry mouth caused by stomach heat should not eat them; Fever due to yin deficiency and internal heat should not be eaten. Usage and dosage: 0.3 ~ 1 yuan for oral administration and decoction; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grinding and dressing. Avoid medication: people with yin deficiency, fever and internal heat should avoid taking it. Gao Li: "The winner of qi and blood can't be convinced, and clove benefits its qi." Materia Medica: "Anyone who has fire syndrome should avoid it, unless it is deficient in cold." Compatibility of drugs: On Lei Gong's concoction: "No fire. Afraid of Yujin. " Other names: Ding (Qi Shu), Zhi, Clove (herb mist), Clove (herb primitive), Chicken Tongue Fragrance (Compendium of Materia Medica). Prescription name: clove, clove, clove trade name: clove, clove. The buds are dry, big, full, brown-purple, fresh, rich in aroma and full of oil. Medicinal part: the root (clove root), bark (clove skin), branch (clove branch), fruit (female clove) and volatile oil (clove oil) obtained by distillation of flower buds of this plant are also used as medicine, each with detailed articles. Distribution of animal and plant resources: distributed in Malay Archipelago and Africa, cultivated in China, Guangdong and Guangxi. Medicinal materials are mainly produced in Tanzania, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places. There are several in China and Guangdong. Collection and storage of medicinal materials: generally from September to March of the following year, when the flower buds turn from green to bright red. Processing method: removing pedicels after picking and drying in the sun. Cultivation techniques: Please refer to the ornamental characteristics of lilac. Lilac is widely used in gardens because of its huge inflorescence, lush flowers, elegant and fragrant color, strong habit and simple cultivation.
Modern research
The water extract of clove can obviously inhibit water immersion stress ulcer in mice and hydrochloric acid gastric ulcer in rats. Ether extract can obviously inhibit indomethacin and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats and hydrochloric acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The ether extract can inhibit diarrhea caused by castor oil in mice. The water extract can obviously inhibit diarrhea in mice caused by Senna leaves. However, it has also been reported that the decoction has only antagonistic tendency to the two diarrhea models, but has no obvious effect. Syringa ether extract can obviously promote bile secretion of anesthetized rats for 2 hours. Clove oil can effectively inhibit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen and epinephrine. Especially, it has the strongest inhibitory effect on AA-induced aggregation. Clove oil seems to inhibit aggregation by reducing the formation of platelet agglutinin (TXB2). Ingestion of syringoether extract or water extract in mice can significantly prolong the latency of pain reaction (hot plate method) or significantly reduce the number of writhing reactions caused by acetic acid stimulation 1. Antibiotic microorganisms play a role in test tubes. Clove can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The decoction and powder of clove have strong antibacterial effect on hemolytic streptococcus, and its antibacterial effect is not affected by heating. Experiments show that the ethanol extract of clove has inhibitory effects on diphtheria, anthrax, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albicans and Vibrio cholerae. Clove oil has stronger antibacterial ability than clove. In vitro experiments show that the alcohol extract of clove has inhibitory effects on diphtheria, anthrax, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albicans and Vibrio cholerae. In the test tube, when the concentration of clove oil and eugenol is1:16000 ~1:64000, the development of Brucella can be completely stopped. At 1:8 000, the development of Mycobacterium avium can be completely inhibited. In the concentration range of 1: 2 000 ~ 1: 8 000, it has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, pneumonia, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Proteus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In vitro experiments show that clove has inhibitory effect on PR8 strain of influenza virus. The water, alcohol and ether extracts of clove and its volatile oil have obvious antifungal effect on pathogenic fungi. The low concentration extract has inhibitory effect on Xu Lan and Candida albicans. In the test tube, clove oil and eugenol have antibacterial effects on a variety of Trichophyton, favus and Epidermophyton inguinale in the concentration range of1:8000 ~1:kloc-0/6000. 2. Effect on digestive system. It can relieve abdominal flatulence, enhance digestion ability and reduce nausea and vomiting. Studies have shown that clove extract can stimulate gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and its effect on stimulating gastric juice secretion is different from acetylcholine. The former stimulates gastric juice to secrete high acidity and strong digestion, while the latter stimulates gastric juice to secrete low acidity and weak digestion. The function of clove to stimulate gastric secretion seems to be related to the participation of cholinergic nerves. Intravenous atropine can inhibit this effect. Eugenol emulsion can also significantly increase gastric mucus secretion, but the acidity is not enhanced. The effect of clove oil is slightly worse. Continuous application can expel mucus and only secrete non-mucus exudate. 3. In vitro, clove ethanol extract, water decoction and clove oil can paralyze or kill ascaris suum. Clove oil 0.5 ~ 1.0g can drive ascaris without side effects. However, when the dosage is increased to 5g/kg, it will cause vomiting and reduce the anthelmintic effect. Clove oil is superior to decoction. 4. Other effects: Intravenous injection of eugenol in rabbits can produce anesthesia, blood pressure drop, respiratory depression and obvious anticonvulsant effect. Eugenol can strongly inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro. A small amount of clove oil can be dripped into the tooth cavity, which has both disinfection and anticonvulsant effects. So as to relieve toothache. Cloves can also cause uterine contractions. 1, antibacterial effect: ether extract containing 1% clove, water extract containing 8% clove decoction or Saber's culture medium have inhibitory effects on many pathogenic fungi, such as Xu Lanhuang and Candida albicans. It also has inhibitory effect on Cryptococcus neoformans at higher concentration. The ethanol extract is similar to the ether extract, but the water extract is worse. Clove oil and eugenol have inhibitory effects on pathogenic fungi at1:8000-1:16000. It has antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, pneumonia, dysentery (Shigella), large intestine, metamorphosis, tuberculosis and other bacilli. Clove also inhibited PR8 strain of influenza virus (in vitro test). It has inhibitory effects on Yersinia pestis, Vibrio cholerae, anthrax, typhoid, diphtheria, Proteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Clove oil and eugenol have inhibitory effects on Brucella and Mycobacterium avium. 2. Antifungal effect: it has inhibitory effect on Nocardia stellata, Pelargonium, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton inguinale. 3. Insecticidal effect: water or alcohol extract can paralyze or kill ascaris suum in vitro. Dogs infected with ascaris lumbricoides can be treated with clove oil 0.5- 1 Oral administration of Og/kg can completely expel ascaris suum. Clove oil is better than decoction. 50% water decoction and ethanol extract have in vitro killing effect on ascaris suum; Clove oil is more effective, and its 1% suspension can kill some ascaris, and 0. 1-0.5g/kg gavage can repel Ascaris canis. 4, stomach function: clove is an aromatic stomach tonic, which can relieve abdominal flatulence, enhance digestion and reduce nausea and vomiting. 5% eugenol emulsion can significantly increase gastric mucus secretion, but the acidity is not enhanced; The gastric acid production and pepsin activity of Pavlov small stomach dogs were significantly increased by gavage of clove water extract. Clove oil has a slightly poor effect, and continuous application can expel mucus and only secrete non-mucus exudate; After 36 hours, the reaction (secretion of mucus) can be partially recovered, and it takes several months to fully recover. 5. Analgesic effect: The results of hot plate test and anti-torsion reaction test in mice show that clove oil with toothache (a little drop) can disinfect the cavity of dental caries and destroy its nerves, thus relieving toothache. 6. Effects of clove water extract and petroleum ether extract on hypoxia tolerance and cold tolerance of mice: clove water extract can not only improve the oxygen utilization ability of mice under hypoxia, but also enhance the anti-hypoxia ability of mice under normal pressure and closed conditions. The largest lilac tree in the world is located in Luoping Village, Wushan County, China. 7. Effects of clove water extract and petroleum ether extract on bile secretion, diarrhea and liver injury in animals. Effect on bile secretion of anesthetized rats: Rats' weight 174 17g, male or female, were randomly divided into 8 rats in each group. After urethane anesthesia, according to the literature method [Journal of Pharmacy (Japan) 198]. 107 (12): 990] bile duct intubation, 30 minutes after operation. Bile flow was collected 30 minutes before administration and every 30 minutes within 4 hours after administration, and the outflow rate (after administration/before administration) was obtained, which was compared with the control group by t test. Results The petroleum ether extract of clove can obviously promote bile secretion of anesthetized rats for 2 hours. Effects on diarrhea caused by castor oil, senna and other drugs: mice's body weight 19.8 1.5g, male and female half, randomly divided into each group 12 mice. During the experiment, it is forbidden to drink water and food. After the ig test, 0.5 mg castor oil and 0. 15ml/ig were put into a small bucket with a pad paper with a diameter of about 15cm at the bottom, and the pad paper was changed every 1 hour, and the times of diarrhea were counted and observed for 6 hours. Results 0.3ml/kg clove petroleum ether extract could significantly inhibit the diarrhea caused by castor oil in mice. Mice weighing 20.4 1.7g, half male and half female, were randomly divided into 10 mice and 0.4g/ig senna leaves /20g cassia seed). 20g was boiled in 250ml water for 5min, filtered with gauze and concentrated to 1ml in water bath. Results The water extract of clove (20g/kg) could obviously inhibit the diarrhea caused by Senna leaves. Effects on SGPT and SGOT in rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride: Rats weighing 2,265,438 0.25 g, half male and half female, were randomly divided into 9 rats in each group. The test drug was administered 1 time every day for 5 days. After the last administration 1 hour, IGCCL was 40.3 ml/kg, and after 16 hours, blood was taken from carotid artery under anesthesia. Reich method is used to measure SGPT, Kim method is used to measure SGOT, and T test is used to process data. Results the petroleum ether extract and water extract of clove had no obvious effect on the significant increase of SGPT and SGOT in rats with acute hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachloride 8. Effects of Syringa oblata extract on metabolism. The hot water extract and water-soluble components of Syringa oblata have dual functions of inhibiting metabolic activation and inactivating metabolic activation Trp-p-2. Ether-soluble components eugenol, acetoeugenol and isoeugenol can inhibit the metabolic activation, but have no inactivation effect on the metabolic activation of Trp-p-2. The water-soluble components except tannin have no inhibitory effect on metabolic activation, and have little inactivation effect on metabolic activation Trp-p-2. These samples are not mutagenic. According to the above situation, it is suggested that the inhibitory effect of clove hot water extract on mutation may be caused by the inhibitory effect of tannic acid and eugenol on metabolic activation and the inactivation effect of tannic acid on metabolic activation Trp-p-2. The water, saline and ethanol extracts of clove contain a complex glycoside containing phenol and uronic acid, which has the effect of inhibiting brain acetylcholinesterase. 9. Antiasthmatic effect B- syringone accounts for about 5.4% of clove volatile oil, and it is also one of the effective antiasthmatic components in Artemisia argyi oil of Compositae. Pharmacological experiments show that it has almost no relaxing effect on isolated tracheal smooth muscle, but the curative effect of po is similar to that of Artemisia argyi oil. Pharmacological screening has contractile effect on isolated guinea pig smooth muscle. Metabolite III is a yellow viscous oil and an active metabolite. According to GC-MS, IR, 1HMR and semi-synthetic experiments, it was confirmed that the metabolite was B- syringol. Pharmacological experiments showed that β-syringol, one of the metabolites of β-syringone in vivo, had a strong relaxing effect on isolated airway smooth muscle of guinea pigs, with PD2 = 4.36 (n = 6). When used in guinea pig asthma induced by histamine and acetylcholine, 0.2g/kgig can prevent all animals (n=8) from wheezing for more than 6h. B- syringol, mouse IgLD 50 >；; 10.8g/kg, indicating that the toxicity is extremely small. The lethal dose (LD 50) of intraperitoneal injection of decoction in mice with pharmacological toxicity was 65438±0.8g/kg. Oral clove oil peanut oil solution was 1.6g/kg, and the symptoms of decoction poisoning were respiratory depression and weakness of hind limbs. Dogs can vomit and die after taking 5g/kg peanut oil solution of clove oil orally. Autopsy found that the gastric fundus and pylorus mucosa were red and swollen, ulcer bleeding point, duodenal edema and congestion, and congestion point in the lungs. Liver and kidney mirror examination also showed blood stasis and swelling, partial hepatocyte necrosis and myocardial edema. If the dog takes 2g/kg orally, it will only vomit and will not die. The lethal dose of eugenol to rats was 65438 0.93 g/kg. The symptoms of poisoning are hind limb paralysis, lethargy, urinary incontinence and hematuria. Pathological anatomy showed upper gastrointestinal bleeding, a few mucosal ulcers, and obvious congestion of viscera, peritoneum and mesentery. Poisoned rats have been rescued with tetrandrine, coramine, strychnine, caffeine and pentamethylene tetrazole, but there is no obvious effect. Clove oil: mouse igLD50 1.6g/kg, eugenol: mouse igld503.0g/kg; ; IgLD502.68g/kg, LD50 1.93g/kg and LD502.0g/kg in rats. Using clove water extract or clove water extract containing caffeine in the germ cells of mature male Drosophila melanogaster before or after meiosis, no mutagenic effect was found. In addition, B- syringone, ig0.3ml/ time, 1 twice a day for 30 days, has obvious effects on the growth, hemoglobin, total white blood cell count, urine protein, urine microscopy, liver function (B.S.P), renal function and heart rhythm of rabbits. The petroleum ether extract of mice ig clove was 65438 0 times, and the LD50 on the 7th day was 65438±0.74±0.24ml/kg/kg. Twenty mice were ig with clove water extract (120 (crude drug)/kg), and no death was observed for 7 days. Adverse reactions and treatment
Medicinal material identification
The dried buds of Syringa oblata of Myrtaceae are slightly shorter, with a length of 1.5 ~ 2 cm and reddish brown to dark brown. The lower part is a cylindrical slightly flat calyx tube, with a length of 1 ~ 1.3 cm, a width of about 5 mm and a thickness of about 3 mm. The base gradually narrows, the surface is rough, and there is oil oozing from it. There are four triangular thick calyxes on the upper end of calyx tube. The upper part is nearly spherical, about 6 mm in diameter, with 4 petals, embracing each other. After the flower bud is cut open, it can be seen that most stamens bend towards the center, and there is a thick and dry clove bud in the center of Myrtaceae.
Strong and straight style, solid and heavy, sinking into the water; The cut surface is glossy, and oil can be seen oozing from nails; Strong fragrance and pungent taste. It is best to be big, stout, bright purple-brown, fragrant and oily. Microscopic identification: in the cross section of receptacle, the epidermis is 1 row of flat cells, and the stratum corneum is thick. The cortex is wide, and there are 2 ~ 3 rows of radially extending oil chambers scattered outside. There are 20 ~ 50 small double tough vascular bundles in the stele, which are arranged intermittently in a ring shape, and there are a few lignified fibers around the vascular bundles; The inner side is ventilated tissue, which is composed of parenchyma cells with large cell gaps. The center is an axial column with about 17 tiny vascular bundles. The parenchyma cells of this product contain tiny calcium oxalate clusters. Powder: deep red. ① Most of the fibers are scattered, spindle-shaped, with flat or wavy edges, and some of them are irregular beaded protrusions, which twist when exposed to air, with a length of 106 ~ 648 microns, a diameter of 12 ~ 68 microns, a wall thickness of 5 ~ 23 microns, slight lignification, sparse or inconspicuous pores, different cell cavities, and some cells contain brown oil. ② The polar surface of pollen grains is triangular, the equatorial axis length is12 ~ 30μ m, and the equatorial plane is biconvex with three pairs of grooves. ③ Most calcium oxalate clusters exist in smaller parenchyma cells, and several clusters are connected in rows, with a diameter of 3.5 ~ 26 microns ... In addition, some small square crystals can be seen. ④ The oil cavity is round or oval, with a diameter of about 65438 0.50μ m, which is mostly broken, with unclear secretory cells, and some of them contain yellow oil. ⑤ The cross section of epidermal cells of receptacle is square or rectangular, surrounded by stratum corneum; On the surface, it is polygonal or rectangular. ⑥ The cross section of the cells in the inner wall of pollen sac is rectangular, and the wall is thickened in strips or meshes. ⑦ The surface of filamentous epidermal cells is rectangular, the longitudinal wall is wavy and curved, and the outer flat wall is wavy and horny. In addition, there are slender threaded ducts and polygonal petal epidermal cells. This product is big and stout, reddish brown, oily, water-soluble, fragrant and without crumbs. According to the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) (version 1995), the content of volatile oil shall not be lower than 16.0%(ml/g). The flower buds contain volatile oil, namely clove oil. The oil mainly contains eugenol, acetoeugenol, B- caryophyllene, methyl n-amyl ketone, methyl salicylate, humulone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, m-methoxybenzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, Chavicol and a- indigo. There are also wild varieties that do not contain eugenol (64-85% in common clove oil), but contain eugenol ketone and eugenol. These flowers also contain triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid, flavonoids and Rham-netin, kaempferol, eugenol, isoeugenol and its demethylation compound isoeugenol. Description: Treating toothache, bronchitis, neuralgia, gastric acid, resisting respiratory and urinary tract infections, relieving discomfort and pain caused by dysentery, improving physical weakness and anemia, strengthening yang (impotence, cold sensation) and expelling worms. Promote blood circulation, treat skin ulcer and wound inflammation, treat scabies and improve rough skin. (1) Take a little powder, drop chloroform, stir evenly, add 1 drop 3% saturated sodium chloride solution of sodium hydroxide, add cover glass, and let it stand for a period of time, so that sodium acicular eugenol will crystallize out. (2) Take a slice, directly add lye and cover glass, and you can see that needle-like sodium eugenol crystals are formed in the oil cavity. (3) TLC identification: take 0.5g of this product powder, add 5ml of ether, shake it evenly for several minutes, and filter it, and the filtrate is the test solution. Take another eugenol reference substance and add ether to make a reference substance solution. Dot the two solutions on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, spread them with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90℃)- ethyl acetate (9: 1), take them out and dry them, spray 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and dry them at 105℃. It can be seen that the donor liquid chromatography and the control solution chromatography show the same color spots at the same position. pharmacological action
major function